Helmich Ingo
Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Jan-Feb;58(1-2):172-179. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06677-9. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
Concussions are common incidences in sports. However, game-specific characteristics such as tactics, field positions, etc. might positively/negatively contribute to the occurrence of mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) in various sports such as soccer, volleyball, handball, or basketball. Thus, the intention of this study was to analyze game-specific characteristics of concussive incidents in active players from the perspective of different sportive disciplines.
Four sport-specific questionnaires for soccer, handball, volleyball and basketball were established using an online survey tool.
A total of 3001 participants completed the questionnaires. 18% of the participants answered that they had experienced a concussion which significantly differed depending on the sport practiced (χ2(3)=56.868, P<0.001; soccer 25%, handball 24%, volleyball 13%, basketball 15%). Whereas handball and soccer players experienced most concussions on the amateur level, volleyball players experienced most on the professional level and basketball players during leisure play (χ2(9)=112.667, P<0.001). Soccer players experienced most concussions by a collision with another player, volleyball players instead experienced most concussions by hits from the ball (χ2(6)=211.260, P<0.001). In soccer, goalkeepers and defensive midfield players showed most concussive incidences (χ2(7)=19.638, P<0.01); in volleyball, the libero position and outside positions showed to be significantly affected from sport-related concussions (χ2(6)=13.617, P<0.05).
The present results showed that factors critically contributing to the occurrence of concussions are sport-specific and particularly concern amateurs. This indicates that most concussions in ball games appear in situations, where medical care units are not necessarily present. Preventive measures should therefore especially address amateurs in ball sports.
脑震荡在体育运动中很常见。然而，诸如战术、场上位置等特定比赛特征可能对足球、排球、手球或篮球等各种运动中轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）的发生产生正面或负面影响。因此，本研究旨在从不同运动项目的角度分析现役运动员脑震荡事件的特定比赛特征。
使用在线调查工具编制了四份针对足球、手球、排球和篮球的特定运动问卷。
共有3001名参与者完成了问卷。18%的参与者回答他们曾经历过脑震荡，这在不同运动项目中存在显著差异（χ2(3)=56.868，P<0.001；足球25%，手球24%，排球13%，篮球15%）。手球和足球运动员在业余水平时脑震荡发生率最高，排球运动员在职业水平时脑震荡发生率最高，篮球运动员在休闲比赛时脑震荡发生率最高（χ2(9)=112.667，P<0.001）。足球运动员因与其他球员碰撞导致的脑震荡最多，而排球运动员因被球击中导致的脑震荡最多（χ2(6)=211.260，P<0.001）。在足球运动中，守门员和防守中场球员的脑震荡发生率最高（χ2(7)=19.638，P<0.01）；在排球运动中，自由人位置和边攻位置受与运动相关脑震荡的影响显著（χ2(6)=13.617，P<0.05）。
目前的结果表明，导致脑震荡发生的关键因素因运动项目而异，且尤其涉及业余运动员。这表明球类运动中的大多数脑震荡发生在不一定有医疗单位在场的情况下。因此，预防措施应特别针对球类运动的业余运动员。
