Cruz Aristides I, Shea Kevin G, Ganley Theodore J
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hasbro Children's Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, Suite 200, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
St. Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, ID 83702, USA.
Orthop Clin North Am. 2016 Oct;47(4):763-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2016.05.001. Epub 2016 Aug 6.
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) can cause knee pain and dysfunction in children. The etiology of OCD remains unclear; theories on causes include inflammation, ischemia, ossification abnormalities, genetic factors, and repetitive microtrauma. Most OCD lesions in skeletally immature patients will heal with nonoperative treatment. The success of nonoperative treatment decreases once patients reach skeletal maturity. The goals of surgical treatment include maintenance of articular cartilage congruity, rigid fixation of unstable fragments, and repair of osteochondral defects with cells or tissues that can adequately replace lost or deficient cartilage. Unsalvageable OCD lesions can be treated with various surgical techniques.
剥脱性骨软骨炎（OCD）可导致儿童膝关节疼痛和功能障碍。OCD的病因尚不清楚；关于病因的理论包括炎症、缺血、骨化异常、遗传因素和重复性微创伤。大多数骨骼未成熟患者的OCD病变通过非手术治疗可愈合。一旦患者达到骨骼成熟，非手术治疗的成功率就会降低。手术治疗的目标包括维持关节软骨的一致性、牢固固定不稳定的碎片，以及用能够充分替代丢失或缺乏软骨的细胞或组织修复骨软骨缺损。无法挽救的OCD病变可用各种手术技术治疗。
