Söder S
Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
Pathologe. 2016 Nov;37(Suppl 2):223-228. doi: 10.1007/s00292-016-0211-7.
Osteoarthritis is a complex disease involving not only the cartilage but also the adjacent bone and the synovial membrane. The etiology of osteoarthritis involves multiple factors. Unlike secondary forms of osteoarthritis, which are the result of other diseases or excessive mechanical stress, the origins of primary forms of osteoarthritis lie within the cartilage. In primary osteoarthritis complex interactions of cytokines leading to a derangement of homeostasis have been discovered, which lead to a slow and progressive degeneration of the cartilage and bone, ultimately resulting in destruction of the joint. Damage to the cartilage matrix is caused by an increased activity of matrix metalloproteases induced by catabolic cytokines. One of the initial events triggering these processes might be degenerative DNA alterations causing local defects in multiple genes leading to an impaired function of chondrocytes and a phenotype similar to senescence.
骨关节炎是一种复杂的疾病，不仅涉及软骨，还涉及相邻的骨骼和滑膜。骨关节炎的病因涉及多种因素。与继发于其他疾病或过度机械应力的继发性骨关节炎不同，原发性骨关节炎的根源在于软骨。在原发性骨关节炎中，已发现细胞因子的复杂相互作用导致体内稳态紊乱，进而导致软骨和骨骼缓慢进行性退变，最终导致关节破坏。分解代谢细胞因子诱导基质金属蛋白酶活性增加，从而导致软骨基质受损。引发这些过程的初始事件之一可能是退行性DNA改变，导致多个基因出现局部缺陷，进而导致软骨细胞功能受损和出现类似衰老的表型。
