Department of Urology, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California.
J Urol. 2017 Mar;197(3 Pt 1):723-729. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.118. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
We sought to characterize and 3-dimensionally reconstruct the distribution of the autonomic innervation of the human ureter.
Three male and 3 female pairs of ureters were evaluated at 2 mm serial transverse sections along the entire length of the ureter. The location of nerve tissue was immunohistochemically identified using the neuronal marker, S100 protein. ImageJ software was used to calculate nerve count and density in the adventitia and smooth muscle. Blender® graphics software was used to create a 3-dimensional reconstruction of autonomic nerve distribution.
Within the adventitia nerve density was highest in the mid and distal ureter (females 2.87 and 2.71 nerves per mm, and males 1.68 and 1.69 nerves per mm) relative to the proximal ureter (females and males 1.94 and 1.22 nerves per mm, respectively, p >0.0005). Females had significantly higher nerve density throughout the adventitia, especially in the distal ureter (2.87 vs 1.68 nerves per mm, p <0.0005). In smooth muscle the nerve density progressively increased from the proximal to the distal ureter (p >0.0005). Smooth muscle nerve density was similar in the 2 genders (p = 0.928). However, in females nerve density was significantly higher in the first 2 cm of the distal ureter relative to the second 2 cm (3.6 vs 1.5 nerves per mm, p <0.001) but not in males (3.0 vs 2.1 nerves per mm, p = 0.126).
Nerve density was highly concentrated at the distal ureter in the adventitia and smooth muscle of the male and female human ureters. The female ureter had greater nerve density in the adventitia, and in smooth muscle nerves were significantly concentrated at the ureteral orifice and the ureteral tunnel.
我们旨在描述并三维重建人类输尿管自主神经支配的分布。
在输尿管全长的 2mm 连续横断面上，评估了 3 对男性和 3 对女性输尿管。使用神经元标志物 S100 蛋白，免疫组织化学方法确定神经组织的位置。ImageJ 软件用于计算外膜和平滑肌中的神经计数和密度。Blender®图形软件用于创建自主神经分布的三维重建。
在外膜中，神经密度在输尿管中段和远段最高（女性为每毫米 2.87 和 2.71 条神经，男性为每毫米 1.68 和 1.69 条神经），而在输尿管近段则较低（女性和男性分别为每毫米 1.94 和 1.22 条神经，p>0.0005）。女性在外膜的整个区域，尤其是在输尿管远段，神经密度显著更高（每毫米 2.87 比 1.68 条神经，p<0.0005）。在平滑肌中，神经密度从输尿管近段到远段逐渐增加（p>0.0005）。男女之间平滑肌神经密度相似（p=0.928）。然而，在女性中，输尿管远段前 2cm 的神经密度显著高于后 2cm（每毫米 3.6 比 1.5 条神经，p<0.001），而在男性中则无显著差异（每毫米 3.0 比 2.1 条神经，p=0.126）。
在男性和女性输尿管的外膜和平滑肌中，神经密度在输尿管远段高度集中。女性输尿管的外膜神经密度更高，而在平滑肌中，神经主要集中在输尿管口和输尿管隧道。
