Larson S G, Stern J T
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8081.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1989 Jul;79(3):369-77. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330790313.
Various researchers have noted that terrestrial and arboreal monkeys often differ in the degree to which the greater tubercle of the humerus projects proximally beyond the profile of the humeral head. These differences have been associated with differing leverage requirements for supraspinatus during quadrupedal locomotion. Although Jolly (The Baboon in Medical Research, Vol. II., pp. 23-50, 1967) suggested that a projecting tubercle can be related to the ability of supraspinatus to control more exactly the passive humeral retraction that occurs during support phase of quadrupedalism, most workers emphasize a link between this bony trait and the need for powerful or rapid protraction of the forelimb during swing phase of terrestrial quadrupedalism. We report on an EMG analysis of supraspinatus function showing that the muscle does not act as a brachial protractor during quadrupedalism, even in the relatively cursorial vervet monkey. We suggest that differences in greater tubercle projection can be related to the degree of mobility of the shoulder, and that supraspinatus size is determined by the interaction of greater tubercle height, adaptive importance of brachial elevation, and body size.
不同的研究人员指出，陆生和树栖猴子在肱骨大结节向近端突出超过肱骨头轮廓的程度上往往存在差异。这些差异与四足行走过程中冈上肌不同的杠杆作用需求有关。尽管乔利（《医学研究中的狒狒》，第二卷，第23 - 50页，1967年）提出突出的结节可能与冈上肌在四足行走支撑阶段更精确控制肱骨头被动后缩的能力有关，但大多数研究人员强调这种骨骼特征与陆生四足行走摆动阶段前肢有力或快速前伸需求之间的联系。我们报告了一项关于冈上肌功能的肌电图分析，结果表明即使在相对善于奔跑的绿猴中，该肌肉在四足行走时也不作为肱部前伸肌起作用。我们认为大结节突出的差异可能与肩部的活动程度有关，并且冈上肌的大小由大结节高度、肱部抬高的适应性重要性以及体型之间的相互作用决定。
