Calió Maria Fernanda, Lepis Katherine B, Pirani José Rubens, Struwe Lena
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, CEP: 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Rutgers University, Department of Plant Biology, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2017 Jan;106:192-208. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
The monophyletic and Neotropical tribe Helieae of the worldwide family Gentianaceae (Gentianales, Asterids, Angiospermae) is well known for its problematic generic classifications. An initial phylogenetic analysis of Helieae shed light onto the relationships between genera, and indicated that traditional generic limits did not correspond to monophyletic groups. In order to obtain a more thorough understanding of generic relationships within the group, we enhanced sampling within the so-called Symbolanthus clade and performed phylogenetic analyses from DNA sequences from one plastid region (matK) and two nuclear regions (ITS and 5S-NTS), plus 112 morphological characters, which were analyzed separately and in combination, using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. A total of 83 individuals representing 20 genera and 51 species of Helieae were sampled; 13 species were included in this study solely based on their morphological characters. Ancestral character reconstructions were performed to identify potential synapomorphies of clades and patterns of homoplasy in the morphological dataset. Our results demonstrate that Prepusa is sister to the remainder of Helieae. Furthermore, the Macrocarpaea clade, the Irlbachia clade and the Symbolanthus clade were also recovered. Within the Symbolanthus clade, our results confirm that Calolisianthus and Chelonanthus are not monophyletic, and also contest the monophyly of Irlbachia as currently circumscribed. Specifically, two species of Calolisianthus group with the type species of Chelonanthus, while the other Calolisianthus species are more closely related to Tetrapollinia and Symbolanthus. Moreover, the green-white-flowered Chelonanthus species and Adenolisianthus are undoubtedly related to Helia and several analyses support Irlbachia pratensis as more closely related to the lineage including the type species of Chelonanthus described above The addition of new characters and taxa led to higher confidence in the relative position of some clades, as well as provided further support for a new generic circumscription of Calolisianthus, Chelonanthus, and Helia. Even though several morphological characters traditionally used in the taxonomy of the group were shown to be homoplasious, most clades can be diagnosed by a combination of morphological character states.
全球龙胆科（龙胆目、菊类植物、被子植物）中的单系新热带部落螺旋草族，以其有问题的属级分类而闻名。对螺旋草族的初步系统发育分析揭示了各属之间的关系，并表明传统的属级界限并不对应于单系类群。为了更全面地了解该类群内的属间关系，我们增加了在所谓的象征草分支内的取样，并对来自一个质体区域（matK）和两个核区域（ITS和5S-NTS）的DNA序列，以及112个形态特征进行了系统发育分析，分别并结合使用简约法和贝叶斯方法进行分析。总共取样了代表螺旋草族20个属和51个物种的8^3个个体；13个物种仅基于其形态特征被纳入本研究。进行了祖先特征重建，以识别形态数据集中各分支的潜在共衍征和同塑性模式。我们的结果表明，普雷普萨属是螺旋草族其余部分的姐妹群。此外，还恢复了大果草分支、伊尔巴赫草分支和象征草分支。在象征草分支内，我们的结果证实卡洛利西亚草属和龟花草属不是单系的，并且也对目前界定的伊尔巴赫草属的单系性提出质疑。具体而言，两种卡洛利西亚草与龟花草的模式种聚在一起，而其他卡洛利西亚草属物种与四粉草属和象征草属关系更密切。此外，开绿白色花的龟花草属物种和腺花草属无疑与螺旋草属有关，并且一些分析支持草原伊尔巴赫草与包括上述龟花草模式种在内的谱系关系更密切。新特征和分类群的增加提高了对一些分支相对位置的置信度，并为卡洛利西亚草属、龟花草属和螺旋草属的新属级界定提供了进一步支持。尽管该类群分类学中传统使用的几个形态特征被证明是同塑性的，但大多数分支可以通过形态特征状态的组合来诊断。
