Dhammi Anirudh, van Krestchmar Jaap B, Ponnusamy Loganathan, Bacheler Jack S, Reisig Dominic D, Herbert Ames, Del Pozo-Valdivia Alejandro I, Roe R Michael
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Sep 16;17(9):1570. doi: 10.3390/ijms17091570.
Soybean is an important food crop, and insect integrated pest management (IPM) is critical to the sustainability of this production system. In recent years, the introduction into the United States of the kudzu bug currently identified as Megacopta cribraria (F.), poses a threat to soybean production. The kudzu bug was first discovered in the state of Georgia, U.S. in 2009 and since then has spread to most of the southeastern states. Because it was not found in the North American subcontinent before this time, much of our knowledge of this insect comes from research done in its native habitat. However, since the U.S. introduction, studies have been undertaken to improve our understanding of the kudzu bug basic biology, microbiome, migration patterns, host selection and management in its expanding new range. Researchers are not only looking at developing IPM strategies for the kudzu bug in soybean, but also at its unique relationship with symbiotic bacteria. Adult females deposit bacterial packets with their eggs, and the neonates feed on these packets to acquire the bacteria, Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulata. The kudzu bug should be an informative model to study the co-evolution of insect function and behavior with that of a single bacteria species. We review kudzu bug trapping and survey methods, the development of bioassays for insecticide susceptibility, insecticide efficacy, host preferences, impact of the pest on urban environments, population expansion, and the occurrence of natural enemies. The identity of the kudzu bug in the U.S. is not clear. We propose that the kudzu bug currently accepted as M. cribraria in the U.S. is actually Megacopta punctatissima, with more work needed to confirm this hypothesis.
大豆是一种重要的粮食作物，昆虫综合虫害管理对该生产系统的可持续性至关重要。近年来，目前被鉴定为筛豆龟蝽（Megacopta cribraria (F.)）的葛藤蝽传入美国，对大豆生产构成威胁。葛藤蝽于2009年在美国佐治亚州首次被发现，此后已蔓延至东南部的大部分州。由于在此之前北美大陆未发现这种昆虫，我们对这种昆虫的许多了解都来自于在其原生栖息地进行的研究。然而，自引入美国以来，已开展了多项研究，以增进我们对葛藤蝽在其不断扩大的新分布范围内的基本生物学、微生物群落、迁飞模式、寄主选择和管理的了解。研究人员不仅在研究制定针对大豆中葛藤蝽的综合虫害管理策略，还在研究其与共生细菌的独特关系。成年雌虫在产卵时会产下含有细菌的包裹，幼虫以这些包裹为食来获取细菌——类石川氏菌（Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulata）。葛藤蝽应该是研究昆虫功能和行为与单一细菌物种共同进化的一个有益模型。我们综述了葛藤蝽的诱捕和调查方法、杀虫剂敏感性生物测定的发展、杀虫剂效果、寄主偏好、该害虫对城市环境的影响、种群扩张以及天敌的出现情况。在美国，葛藤蝽的身份尚不明确。我们提出，目前在美国被认定为筛豆龟蝽的葛藤蝽实际上是 punctatissima，还需要更多工作来证实这一假设。
