Zimmerman Brian D, Korajkic Asja, Brinkman Nichole E, Grimm Ann C, Ashbolt Nicholas J, Garland Jay L
National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Water Environ Res. 2016;88(9):824-837. doi: 10.2175/106143016X14609975747522.
Water reuse, via either centralized treatment of traditional wastewater or decentralized treatment and on-site reuse, is becoming an increasingly important element of sustainable water management. Despite advances in waterborne pathogen detection methods, low and highly variable pathogen levels limit their utility for routine evaluation of health risks in water reuse systems. Therefore, there is a need to improve our understanding of the linkage between pathogens and more readily measured process indicators during treatment. This paper describes an approach for constructing spiking experiments to relate the behavior of viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens with relevant process indicators. General issues are reviewed, and the spiking protocol is applied as a case study example to improve microbial performance monitoring and health risk evaluation in a water reuse system. This approach provides a foundation for the development of novel approaches to improve real or near-real time performance monitoring of water recycling systems.
通过传统废水的集中处理或分散处理及现场回用实现的水的再利用，正日益成为可持续水资源管理的一个重要组成部分。尽管在水传播病原体检测方法方面取得了进展，但病原体水平较低且变化很大，限制了它们在水再利用系统健康风险常规评估中的效用。因此，有必要更好地理解在处理过程中病原体与更易于测量的过程指标之间的联系。本文描述了一种构建加标实验的方法，以将病毒、细菌和原生动物病原体的行为与相关过程指标联系起来。对一些普遍问题进行了综述，并将加标方案作为案例研究示例应用于改善水再利用系统中的微生物性能监测和健康风险评估。这种方法为开发新方法以改善水循环系统的实时或近实时性能监测奠定了基础。
