Silva H G, Lopes I
Renewable Energies Chair, Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
Centro Multidisciplinar de Astrofísica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
Earth Planets Space. 2016;68(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s40623-016-0504-3. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays links solar cycle activity with neutron monitor count rate on earth. A less direct relation holds between neutron monitor count rate and atmospheric electric field because different atmospheric processes, including fluctuations in the ionosphere, are involved. Although a full quantitative model is still lacking, this link is supported by solid statistical evidence. Thus, a connection between the solar cycle activity and atmospheric electric field is expected. To gain a deeper insight into these relations, sunspot area (NOAA, USA), neutron monitor count rate (Climax, Colorado, USA), and atmospheric electric field (Lisbon, Portugal) are presented here in a phase space representation. The period considered covers two solar cycles (21, 22) and extends from 1978 to 1990. Two solar maxima were observed in this dataset, one in 1979 and another in 1989, as well as one solar minimum in 1986. Two main observations of the present study were: (1) similar short-term topological features of the phase space representations of the three variables, (2) a long-term phase space radius synchronization between the solar cycle activity, neutron monitor count rate, and potential gradient (confirmed by absolute correlation values above ~0.8). Finally, the methodology proposed here can be used for obtaining the relations between other atmospheric parameters (e.g., solar radiation) and solar cycle activity.
日球层对银河宇宙射线的调制将太阳活动周期与地球上中子监测器的计数率联系起来。中子监测器计数率与大气电场之间的关系则没那么直接，因为这涉及到不同的大气过程，包括电离层的波动。尽管仍缺乏完整的定量模型，但这一联系有确凿的统计证据支持。因此，可以预期太阳活动周期与大气电场之间存在关联。为了更深入地了解这些关系，本文以相空间表示法展示了太阳黑子面积（美国国家海洋和大气管理局）、中子监测器计数率（美国科罗拉多州克莱马克斯）和大气电场（葡萄牙里斯本）。所考虑的时间段涵盖两个太阳活动周期（第21、22周期），从1978年延伸至1990年。在该数据集中观测到两个太阳活动极大期，一个在1979年，另一个在1989年，以及一个在1986年的太阳活动极小期。本研究的两个主要观测结果是：（1）这三个变量的相空间表示具有相似的短期拓扑特征，（2）太阳活动周期、中子监测器计数率和电位梯度之间存在长期的相空间半径同步（通过约0.8以上的绝对相关值得到证实）。最后，本文提出的方法可用于获取其他大气参数（如太阳辐射）与太阳活动周期之间的关系。
