Strashny Alexander
In 2012, 2.5 million people in the United States received substance abuse treatment (SAT) at a specialty facility. Drug- and alcohol-abusing populations have higher rates of mental health issues than the general population, and many suffer from direct and indirect physical health conditions caused or exacerbated by their substance abuse. Because substance use often impacts multiple aspects of an individual's life, clients often enter treatment with housing issues, employment problems, and damaged family or social relationships. Through the Recovery Support Strategic Initiative, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has identified Health, Home, Purpose, and Community as the four major dimensions that support recovery from substance abuse. The extent to which SAT facilities were providing recovery support services across each of the four dimensions of recovery was examined in the 2012 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) data. In 2012, the Health recovery dimension was addressed by the majority of treatment facilities offering comprehensive substance abuse assessments or diagnoses (91%), mental health disorder screenings (68%), drug or alcohol urine screenings (84%), and substance abuse education (96%); 28% tested for HIV, 24% tested for hepatitis C, 22% tested for hepatitis B, and 21% tested for sexually transmitted diseases. The Home recovery dimension was addressed by SAT offering case management (80%), discharge planning (94%), and aftercare or continuing care services (84%); in addition, 49% assisted clients in locating housing. 74% of SAT offered social skills development and 62% used a sliding-fee scale in reflection of the Purpose recovery dimension, though only 37% offered employment counseling. The Community recovery dimension was addressed by the majority of treatment facilities offering individual, group, and family counseling (98, 93, and 82%, respectively) and community outreach (57%). Findings from this report indicate that the nation's substance abuse treatment facilities offered a range of services that reflect SAMHSA's four key recovery dimensions.
2012年，美国有250万人在专业机构接受药物滥用治疗（SAT）。与普通人群相比，药物和酒精滥用人群有更高比例的心理健康问题，许多人还患有由药物滥用导致或加剧的直接和间接身体健康问题。由于药物使用往往会影响个人生活的多个方面，客户在接受治疗时常常面临住房问题、就业问题以及受损的家庭或社会关系。通过康复支持战略倡议，药物滥用和心理健康服务管理局确定了健康、家庭、目标和社区为支持药物滥用康复的四个主要维度。2012年全国药物滥用治疗服务调查（N - SSATS）数据研究了SAT机构在康复的四个维度中提供康复支持服务的程度。2012年，大多数提供综合药物滥用评估或诊断（91%）、心理健康障碍筛查（68%）、药物或酒精尿液筛查（84%）以及药物滥用教育（96%）的治疗机构涉及健康康复维度；28%检测HIV，24%检测丙型肝炎，22%检测乙型肝炎，21%检测性传播疾病。家庭康复维度通过提供病例管理（80%）、出院计划（94%）以及后续护理或持续护理服务（84%）的SAT来解决；此外，49%帮助客户寻找住房。74%的SAT提供社交技能发展，62%采用按比例调整费用的方式以体现目标康复维度，不过只有37%提供就业咨询。大多数提供个人、团体和家庭咨询（分别为98%、93%和82%）以及社区外展服务（57%）的治疗机构涉及社区康复维度。本报告的研究结果表明，美国的药物滥用治疗机构提供了一系列反映药物滥用和心理健康服务管理局四个关键康复维度的服务。
