Lipari Rachel N., Hedden Sarra L.
In the United States, the transition into adulthood begins in the late teens and continues through the mid-20s. This can be a stressful process be more difficult if young adults have a mental disorder (e.g., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) or substance use disorder (SUD). This report uses combined data from the 2010 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The NSDUH asks persons aged 12 to 17 about past year psychological symptoms to estimate if they had a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in the past year. Adolescents were assessed as having MDE if they had a period of 2 weeks or longer during which there was either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, and at least four other symptoms that reflect a change in functioning, such as problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, and self-worth. Data are presented separately for adolescents aged 16 to 17 and young adults aged 18 to 25. Combined 2010 to 2012 NSDUH data indicate that 1 in 10 older adolescents aged 16 to 17 had a MDE in the past year, while 18.7% young adults aged 18 to 25 had any mental illness (AMI) in the past year and 3.9% had a serious mental illness (SMI). In the past year, 3.1% of older adolescents had co-occurring MDE and SUD; 6.4% of young adults had co-occurring AMI and SUD, and 1.6% of young adults had co-occurring SMI and SUD. Among older adolescents with MDE, 60.1% did not receive treatment for depression in the past year. Among young adults with AMI, 66.6% did not receive mental health services in the past year. Among young adults with SMI, 47.0% did not receive treatment. The data in this report indicate that older adolescents with MDE are less likely than their peers without MDE to have the foundation needed to succeed as young adults. For example, compared with their peers without MDE, these youth were more likely to do poorly in school and to engage in delinquent behaviors. NSDUH data indicate that young adults with mental illness or co-occurring mental illness and SUD have poorer quality of life.
在美国，步入成年期始于青少年晚期，并持续至25岁左右。如果年轻人患有精神障碍（如精神分裂症或双相情感障碍）或物质使用障碍（SUD），这一过程可能会压力更大、更加艰难。本报告使用了2010年至2012年全国药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）的综合数据。NSDUH询问12至17岁的人群过去一年的心理症状，以估计他们在过去一年是否经历过重度抑郁发作（MDE）。如果青少年在过去两周或更长时间内出现情绪低落、兴趣或愉悦感丧失，以及至少其他四种反映功能变化的症状，如睡眠、饮食、精力、注意力和自我价值方面的问题，那么他们就被评估为患有MDE。数据分别呈现16至17岁的青少年和18至25岁的年轻人的情况。2010年至2012年NSDUH的综合数据表明，16至17岁的大龄青少年中，十分之一的人在过去一年患有MDE，而18至25岁的年轻人中，18.7%在过去一年患有任何精神疾病（AMI），3.9%患有严重精神疾病（SMI）。在过去一年中，3.1%的大龄青少年同时患有MDE和SUD；6.4%的年轻人同时患有AMI和SUD，1.6%的年轻人同时患有SMI和SUD。在患有MDE的大龄青少年中，60.1%在过去一年没有接受过抑郁症治疗。在患有AMI的年轻人中，66.6%在过去一年没有接受过心理健康服务。在患有SMI的年轻人中，47.0%没有接受治疗。本报告中的数据表明，与没有MDE的同龄人相比，患有MDE的大龄青少年作为年轻人成功所需的基础条件更差。例如，与没有MDE的同龄人相比，这些年轻人在学校表现更差，更有可能从事违法犯罪行为。NSDUH数据表明，患有精神疾病或同时患有精神疾病和SUD的年轻人生活质量较差。
