Zhang Jin, Chen Jake
School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;12(5):357-364. doi: 10.2174/1574888X11666160921121555.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The regeneration of damaged bone tissues to a pre-disease state has been a major goal for both clinicians and researchers worldwide. However, critical-sized bone defects which are unable to heal completely are a major clinical concern because effective, evidencebased regenerative therapy is still missing. Bone tissue engineering, aiming at providing novel and effective materials to promote bone regeneration, has been considered as a promising alternative to the traditional use of autografts, allografts and xenografts based on the fact that engineered bone tissue has limitless supply and has no disease transmission. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues such as adipose tissues, dental follicles of wisdom teeth, bone marrow, dental pulp, gingiva, etc., which do not raise any ethical concerns. Furthermore, the application of MSCs in bone tissue engineering has moved to the preclinical stage, and an ex vivo cell manufacturing procedure for obtaining high quality, bioactive MSCs from human bone marrow has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
In this review, we summarized the cell sources and biological characteristics of MSCs, discussed the in vivo functions of MSCs during bone regeneration, and briefly introduced the strategies for the application of MSCs in bone tissue engineering. Further research efforts are still needed to facilitate the application of MSCs in enhancing bone regeneration.
将受损骨组织再生至疾病前状态一直是全球临床医生和研究人员的主要目标。然而，无法完全愈合的临界尺寸骨缺损是一个主要的临床问题，因为仍然缺乏有效、基于证据的再生疗法。骨组织工程旨在提供新型有效材料以促进骨再生，基于工程化骨组织供应无限且无疾病传播这一事实，它被认为是传统自体移植、异体移植和异种移植的一种有前景的替代方法。间充质干细胞（MSCs）可源自各种成人组织，如脂肪组织、智齿牙囊、骨髓、牙髓、牙龈等，不存在任何伦理问题。此外，MSCs在骨组织工程中的应用已进入临床前阶段，一种从人骨髓中获取高质量、生物活性MSCs的体外细胞制造程序已获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准。
在本综述中，我们总结了MSCs的细胞来源和生物学特性，讨论了MSCs在骨再生过程中的体内功能，并简要介绍了MSCs在骨组织工程中的应用策略。仍需要进一步的研究努力来促进MSCs在增强骨再生方面的应用。
