Department Head, Ookuma Hospital, Department of Orthopedics , 2-17-13 Kuise-honmachi, Amagasaki City, Hyogo 660-0814 , Japan +81-6-6481-1667 ; +81-6-6481-4234 ;
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014 Feb;14(2):197-208. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2014.866086. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
In the human body, cells having self-renewal and multi-differentiation capabilities reside in many tissues and are called adult stem cells. In bone marrow tissue, two types of stem cells are well known: hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Though the number of MSCs in bone marrow tissue is very low, it can be increased by in vitro culture of the marrow, and culture-expanded MSCs are available for various tissue regeneration.
The culture-expanded MSCs can further differentiate into osteogenic cells such as bone forming osteoblasts by culturing the MSCs in an osteogenic medium. This paper discusses osteogenically differentiated MSCs derived from the bone marrow of patients. Importantly, the differentiation can be achieved on ceramic surfaces which demonstrate mineralized bone matrix formation as well as appearance of osteogenic cells. The cell/matrix/ceramic constructs could show immediate in vivo bone formation and are available for bone reconstruction surgery.
Currently, MSCs are clinically available for the regeneration of various tissues due to their high proliferation/differentiation capabilities. However, the capabilities are still limited and thus technologies to improve or recover the inherent capabilities of MSCs are needed.
在人体中，具有自我更新和多向分化能力的细胞存在于许多组织中，被称为成体干细胞。在骨髓组织中，有两种类型的干细胞是众所周知的：造血干细胞和间充质干细胞（MSCs）。虽然骨髓组织中的 MSCs 数量非常少，但可以通过体外培养骨髓来增加，并且培养扩增的 MSCs 可用于各种组织再生。
通过将 MSCs 培养在成骨培养基中，培养扩增的 MSCs 可以进一步分化为成骨细胞，例如形成骨的成骨细胞。本文讨论了源自患者骨髓的成骨分化的 MSCs。重要的是，这种分化可以在陶瓷表面上实现，陶瓷表面显示出矿化的骨基质形成以及成骨细胞的出现。细胞/基质/陶瓷构建体可以立即在体内形成骨，并可用于骨重建手术。
目前，由于 MSCs 具有高增殖/分化能力，因此在临床上可用于各种组织的再生。然而，这些能力仍然有限，因此需要技术来改善或恢复 MSCs 的固有能力。
