Morton Debbie L, Sandhu Javin S, Jones Anthony Kp
Human Pain Research Group, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
J Pain Res. 2016 Sep 8;9:613-24. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S60433. eCollection 2016.
Pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience that is heavily influenced by prior experience and expectations of pain. Before the development of noninvasive human brain imaging, our grasp of the brain's role in pain processing was limited to data from postmortem studies, direct recording of brain activity, patient experience and stimulation during neurosurgical procedures, and animal models of pain. Advances made in neuroimaging have bridged the gap between brain activity and the subjective experience of pain and allowed us to better understand the changes in the brain that are associated with both acute and chronic pain. Additionally, cognitive influences on pain such as attention, anticipation, and fear can now be directly observed, allowing for the interpretation of the neural basis of the psychological modulation of pain. The use of functional brain imaging to measure changes in endogenous neurochemistry has increased our understanding of how states of increased resilience and vulnerability to pain are maintained.
疼痛是一种复杂的感觉和情感体验，会受到过往经历和对疼痛的预期的严重影响。在无创性人脑成像技术发展之前，我们对大脑在疼痛处理过程中所起作用的了解仅限于尸体研究数据、大脑活动的直接记录、患者的体验以及神经外科手术过程中的刺激，还有疼痛的动物模型。神经成像技术的进步弥合了大脑活动与疼痛主观体验之间的差距，使我们能够更好地理解与急性和慢性疼痛相关的大脑变化。此外，现在可以直接观察到诸如注意力、预期和恐惧等认知对疼痛的影响，从而能够解释疼痛心理调节的神经基础。利用功能性脑成像来测量内源性神经化学的变化，增进了我们对增强疼痛恢复力和易感性状态如何维持的理解。
