Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065 USA.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065 USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stich Radiation Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065 USA.
J Immunother Cancer. 2016 Sep 20;4:51. doi: 10.1186/s40425-016-0156-7. eCollection 2016.
Increasing evidence demonstrates that radiation acts as an immune stimulus, recruiting immune mediators that enable anti-tumor responses within and outside the radiation field. There has been a rapid expansion in the number of clinical trials harnessing radiation to enhance antitumor immunity. If positive, results of these trials will lead to a paradigm shift in the use of radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the rationale for trials combining radiation with various immunotherapies, provide an update of recent clinical trial results and highlight trials currently in progress. We also address issues pertaining to the optimal incorporation of immunotherapy with radiation, including sequencing of treatment, radiation dosing and evaluation of clinical trial endpoints.
越来越多的证据表明，辐射是一种免疫刺激物，能招募免疫介质，在辐射场内外引发抗肿瘤反应。利用辐射增强抗肿瘤免疫的临床试验数量迅速增加。如果这些试验的结果是积极的，将导致放疗使用模式的转变。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了将辐射与各种免疫疗法相结合的临床试验的原理，提供了最新的临床试验结果，并强调了目前正在进行的试验。我们还讨论了与免疫疗法与放疗相结合相关的问题，包括治疗的顺序、放疗剂量和临床试验终点的评估。
