Kidane Asmerom, Mduma John, Naho Alexis, Hu Teh Wei
Asmerom Kidane is a Professor in the Department of Economics and Statistics at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He obtained his Ph.D. in Econometrics from Pennsylvania State University in 1973. John Mduma holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Bonn, Germany. He is a senior lecturer in the Department of Economics at the University of Dar es Salaam. Alexis Naho is currently a lecturer in the Department of Economics at the University of Dar es Salaam. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Dar es Salaam (2008). Teh wei Hu is a world renowned Health Economist with hundreds of publications in international journals to his credit. He obtained his Ph.D. in Economics in 1967 from the University of Wisconsin. He held faculty positions at Pennsylvania State University and the University of California, Berkeley. Currently, he is professor emeritus at the University of California, and affiliated with the Public Health Institute (PHI) in Oakland, California.
J Poverty Alleviation Int Dev. 2015 Jun;6(1):131-149.
This study considers the effect of household cigarette expenditure on food poverty indicators in Tanzania. We first compare expenditure patterns as well as the household size of non-smokers and smokers. We find that the majority of non-smokers and smokers have low incomes, and that the mean total per capita expenditure (proxy for income) of non-smokers is slightly higher than those of smokers. On the other hand, the mean household size of non-smokers was smaller compared to that of smokers suggesting that smokers should have spent more on food. Next, we estimate and compare daily calorie intake between both groups. Almost 19 percent of non-smokers were found to be below the poverty line. The corresponding value for smokers was almost 24 percent. Estimates from a multiple linear regression on the determinants of per capita daily calorie intake reveal that per capita cigarette consumption appears to negatively affect daily calorie intake significantly. Given that the majority of all respondents belong to a low income group, this suggests that expenditure on cigarettes may be at the expense of calorie intake.
本研究考察了坦桑尼亚家庭香烟支出对粮食贫困指标的影响。我们首先比较了非吸烟者和吸烟者的支出模式以及家庭规模。我们发现，大多数非吸烟者和吸烟者收入较低，且非吸烟者的人均总支出（收入代理指标）略高于吸烟者。另一方面，非吸烟者的平均家庭规模比吸烟者小，这表明吸烟者在食品上的支出应该更多。接下来，我们估算并比较了两组人群的每日卡路里摄入量。发现近19%的非吸烟者处于贫困线以下。吸烟者的相应比例约为24%。对人均每日卡路里摄入量决定因素的多元线性回归估计表明，人均香烟消费量似乎对每日卡路里摄入量有显著的负面影响。鉴于所有受访者中的大多数属于低收入群体，这表明香烟支出可能是以卡路里摄入量为代价的。
