1 Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Braga, Portugal.
2 University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
J Interpers Violence. 2019 Sep;34(17):3614-3636. doi: 10.1177/0886260516670883. Epub 2016 Sep 26.
This study examined if abuse during childhood, rape in adulthood, and loss of resources predict a woman's probability of reporting symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and whether resource loss moderates the association between reporting childhood abuse and PTSD symptoms. The sample included 767 women and was collected in publicly funded primary-care settings. Women who reported having been abused during childhood also reported more resource loss, more acute PTSD symptoms, and having suffered more adult rape than those who reported no childhood abuse. Hierarchical logistic regression yielded a two-variable additive model in which child abuse and adult rape predict the probability of reporting or not any PTSD symptoms, explaining 59.7% of the variance. Women abused as children were 1 to 2 times more likely to report PTSD symptoms, with sexual abuse during childhood contributing most strongly to this result. Similarly, women reporting adult rape were almost twice as likely to report symptoms of PTSD as those not reporting it. Resource loss was unexpectedly not among the predictors but a moderation analysis showed that such loss moderated the association between child abuse and current PTSD symptoms, with resource loss increasing the number and severity of PTSD symptoms in women who also reported childhood abuse. The findings highlight the importance of early assessment and intervention in providing mental health care to abused, neglected, and impoverished women to help them prevent and reverse resource loss and revictimization.
本研究考察了童年期虐待、成年期强奸和资源丧失是否会预测女性报告创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的概率，以及资源丧失是否会调节报告童年期虐待与 PTSD 症状之间的关系。该样本包括 767 名女性，是在公共资助的初级保健环境中收集的。报告童年期受虐待的女性还报告了更多的资源丧失、更严重的急性 PTSD 症状和更多的成年期强奸，而报告没有童年期虐待的女性则没有这些问题。分层逻辑回归得出了一个两变量加法模型，其中儿童虐待和成年强奸预测了报告或不报告任何 PTSD 症状的概率，解释了 59.7%的方差。遭受过儿童期虐待的女性报告 PTSD 症状的可能性是未受虐待女性的 1 到 2 倍，其中儿童期性虐待对这一结果的贡献最大。同样，报告成年期强奸的女性报告 PTSD 症状的可能性几乎是未报告该症状的女性的两倍。出人意料的是，资源丧失并不在预测因素之列，但一项调节分析显示，这种丧失会调节儿童虐待与当前 PTSD 症状之间的关系，资源丧失会增加报告儿童期虐待的女性的 PTSD 症状的数量和严重程度。这些发现强调了对受虐待、被忽视和贫困的女性进行早期评估和干预的重要性，以帮助她们预防和扭转资源丧失和再次受害。
