Pikala Małgorzata, Burzyn Ska Monika, Pikala Robert, Bryła Marek, Maniecka-Bryła Irena
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Faculty of Technical Physics, Information Technology and Applied Mathematics, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
BMJ Open. 2016 Sep 27;6(9):e011501. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011501.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the differences in premature mortality between educational groups of Polish inhabitants in 2002 and 2011.
The analysis included all deaths among inhabitants of Poland, aged 25-64 years, which occurred in 2002 (N=97 004) and 2011 (N=104 598). We calculated age-standardised death rates (SDRs) and summary measures on inequalities. The relative index of inequality (RII) was calculated with Poisson regression.
The SDR for Poland decreased from 285.7 per 100 000 in 2002 to 246.0 in 2011 among males with higher education and increased from 1141.0 in 2002 to 1183.0 in 2011 among males with lower secondary or less education (the rate ratio increased from 4.0 to 4.8). With regard to females with higher education, the SDR decreased from 127.2 per 100 000 in 2002 to 115.6 in 2011. Among females with lower secondary or less education, the SDR increased from 375.8 per 100 000 in 2002 to 423.1 in 2011 (the rate ratio increased from 3.0 to 3.7). The RII increased from 5.8 to 9.7 in the male group and from 4.4 to 8.3 in the female group. The greatest educational inequalities in 2011 were observed in females who died of cardiovascular diseases (RII=14.9) and lung cancer (RII=6.6) and in males who died of suicides (RII=19.3) and lung cancer (RII=11.9).
Educational inequalities in premature mortality in Poland are growing. There is a need to implement health education programmes targeted at groups of the most poorly educated Polish inhabitants, especially for diseases resulting from smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
本研究旨在评估2002年和2011年波兰居民不同教育程度组之间过早死亡率的差异。
分析纳入了2002年（N = 97004）和2011年（N = 104598）发生的所有年龄在25 - 64岁的波兰居民死亡病例。我们计算了年龄标准化死亡率（SDR）和不平等的汇总指标。不平等相对指数（RII）通过泊松回归计算得出。
2002年至2011年，高等教育男性的波兰年龄标准化死亡率从每10万人285.7降至246.0，初中及以下教育程度男性的该死亡率从2002年的每10万人1141.0增至2011年的1183.0（率比从4.0增至4.8）。高等教育女性的年龄标准化死亡率从2002年的每10万人127.2降至2011年的115.6。初中及以下教育程度女性的年龄标准化死亡率从2002年的每10万人375.8增至2011年的423.1（率比从3.0增至3.7）。男性组的不平等相对指数从5.8增至9.7，女性组从4.4增至8.3。2011年，在死于心血管疾病（RII = 14.9）和肺癌（RII = 6.6）的女性以及死于自杀（RII = 19.3）和肺癌（RII = 11.9）的男性中观察到最大的教育不平等。
波兰过早死亡率方面的教育不平等正在加剧。有必要针对波兰受教育程度最低的群体实施健康教育项目，尤其是针对因吸烟和过度饮酒导致的疾病。
