End-stage renal disease replacement therapy in Israel: demographic and regional differences.

Incidence (by sex and ethnic group), prevalence and mortality rates (by age) of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) replacement therapy in Israel were calculated for the periods 1975-78 and 1979-82. Rates were higher for males (relative risk male/female 1.70 for the first period and 1.83 for the second). Incidence and prevalence rates increased with age among men; among women the maximal rates were attained by the 45-64 age-group. Incidence and prevalence rates were higher during the second period. Among the Jewish population, rates of treatment were higher in the Asian and African-born groups, and European-American and Israeli-born Jews showed the lowest rates. Mortality rates during treatment were lower among Arabs. Rates of therapy rose with age, were higher for males and had a well-defined ethnic pattern. In order to assess differences in ESRD replacement therapy between districts, rates of incidence, prevalence and mortality during treatment (for the Jewish population) were computed by district and adjusted by age and continent of birth for both periods. Significant differences in ESRD therapy coverage were detected only during the second period. Prevalence rates were considerably higher in the central, Tel Aviv and southern districts, and incidence rates were considerably elevated in the central and Tel Aviv districts and low in Jerusalem. Mortality during treatment was lowest in Haifa. It seems improbable that these findings are due to differences in accessibility to ESRD replacement therapy; however, early diagnosis and prevention of disabling kidney conditions at the primary care level may play an important role.