Li Bo, Wang Yanhong, Jiang Yong, Li Guochen, Cui Jiehua, Wang Ying, Zhang Hong, Wang Shicheng, Xu Sheng, Wang Ruzhen
Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product on Environmental Factors, Shenyang, 110016, China.
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Dec;23(24):25114-25126. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7342-5. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Mining and smelting activities engender soil contamination by metals severely. A field survey was conducted to investigate the present situation and health risk of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As, and Hg) in soils and vegetables in the surrounding area of an 80-year-old zinc smelter in northeastern China. Soil pH, organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined, and their relations with heavy metal contents in edible parts of vegetables were analyzed. Results showed that the smelting had led to the significant contamination of the local soils by Cd and Zn, with average concentrations of 3.88 and 403.89 mg kg, respectively. Concentrations of Cd and Zn in greenhouse soils were much lower than those in open farmland soils. Cd concentrations in vegetable edible parts exceeded the permissible limits severely, while other metal concentrations were much lower than the corresponding standards. Leaf and root vegetables had higher concentrations and bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) of Cd than fruit vegetables. Hazard quotient and hazard index showed that cadmium is imposing a health risk to local residents via vegetable consumption. Cd uptake of some vegetables can be predicted by empirical models with the following parameters: soil pH, SOM, CEC, Zn concentrations, and Cd concentrations. Vegetables such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, tomato, cucumber, and green bean were screened out as being suitable to grow in the studied area.
采矿和冶炼活动严重导致土壤受到金属污染。在中国东北一座有80年历史的锌冶炼厂周边地区，开展了一项实地调查，以研究土壤和蔬菜中重金属（镉、铅、锌、铜、铬、砷和汞）的现状及健康风险。测定了土壤pH值、有机质（SOM）和阳离子交换容量（CEC），并分析了它们与蔬菜可食用部分重金属含量的关系。结果表明，冶炼导致当地土壤受到镉和锌的显著污染，平均浓度分别为3.88和403.89毫克/千克。温室土壤中镉和锌的浓度远低于露天农田土壤中的浓度。蔬菜可食用部分的镉浓度严重超过允许限值，而其他金属浓度远低于相应标准。叶菜类和根菜类蔬菜的镉浓度和生物富集系数（BCFs）高于果菜类蔬菜。危害商数和危害指数表明，镉通过蔬菜消费对当地居民构成健康风险。一些蔬菜的镉吸收量可以通过具有以下参数的经验模型预测：土壤pH值、SOM、CEC、锌浓度和镉浓度。筛选出白菜、大白菜、番茄、黄瓜和绿豆等蔬菜适合在研究区域种植。
