The Modern Face of Synthetic Heterocyclic Chemistry.

The synthesis of heterocycles is arguably one of the oldest and at the same time one of the youngest disciplines of organic chemistry. Groundbreaking principles to form heterocycles, mainly by condensation reactions, were recognized in the beginning of the 19th century, and many of the classical reactions discovered at that time are still of great value today. In the 21st century, the wealth of synthetic methodology toward heterocycles is overwhelming, and catalysis, in particular, as one of the cornerstones of green and sustainable chemistry has contributed in a major way to these developments. This perspective tries the impossible by discussing some recent advances in the construction of heterocycles, focusing on catalytic methodology. We are aware that we do not come close to giving adequate credit to the great creativity of chemists in the field.