Allan Nicholas P, Oglesby Mary E, Uhl Aubree, Schmidt Norman B
a Department of Psychology , Florida State University , Tallahasssee , FL , USA.
Cogn Behav Ther. 2017 Apr;46(3):224-238. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2016.1238503. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
The hierarchical model of vulnerabilities to emotional distress contextualizes the relation between neuroticism and social anxiety as occurring indirectly through cognitive risk factors. In particular, inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty (IU; difficulty in uncertain circumstances), fear of negative evaluation (FNE; fear of being judged negatively), and anxiety sensitivity (AS) social concerns (fear of outwardly observable anxiety) are related to social anxiety. It is unclear whether these risk factors uniquely relate to social anxiety, and whether they account for the relations between neuroticism and social anxiety. The indirect relations between neuroticism and social anxiety through these and other risk factors were examined using structural equation modeling in a sample of 462 individuals (M age = 36.56, SD = 12.93; 64.3% female). Results indicated that the relations between neuroticism and social anxiety could be explained through inhibitory IU, FNE, and AS social concerns. No gender differences were found. These findings provide support for the hierarchical model of vulnerabilities to emotional distress disorders, although the cognitive risk factors accounted for variance beyond their contribution to the relation between neuroticism and social anxiety, suggesting a more complex model than that expressed in the hierarchical model of vulnerabilities.
情绪困扰易感性的层次模型将神经质与社交焦虑之间的关系置于情境中，认为这种关系是通过认知风险因素间接发生的。具体而言，对不确定性的抑制性不耐受（IU；在不确定情况下的困难）、对负面评价的恐惧（FNE；害怕被负面评价）以及焦虑敏感性（AS）中的社交担忧（害怕外在可观察到的焦虑）都与社交焦虑有关。尚不清楚这些风险因素是否与社交焦虑存在独特关联，以及它们是否能解释神经质与社交焦虑之间的关系。在一个由462名个体组成的样本（年龄均值M = 36.56，标准差SD = 12.93；64.3%为女性）中，使用结构方程模型检验了神经质与社交焦虑通过这些及其他风险因素的间接关系。结果表明，神经质与社交焦虑之间的关系可以通过抑制性IU、FNE和AS社交担忧来解释。未发现性别差异。这些发现为情绪困扰障碍易感性的层次模型提供了支持，尽管认知风险因素所解释的方差超出了它们对神经质与社交焦虑关系的贡献，这表明该模型比情绪困扰易感性层次模型所表达的更为复杂。
