Saunders K J, Spradlin J E
Bureau of Child Research, University of Kansas, Parsons 67357.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1989 Jul;52(1):1-12. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1989.52-1.
Two subjects with retardation who exhibited generalized identity matching, but who had extensive histories of failure to acquire arbitrary matching, were exposed to a series of conditions designed to train separately the components of a two-choice conditional discrimination. First, the successive discrimination between the sample stimuli was established by programming a different schedule of reinforcement in the presence of each sample stimulus. Schedule performance was acquired and maintained by both subjects, but neither acquired arbitrary matching. To train the simultaneous discrimination between the comparison stimuli, 1 subject was then exposed to a series of simple discrimination reversals and subsequently failed to acquire arbitrary matching. Both subjects acquired arbitrary matching under a procedure that maintained both the sample and the comparison discrimination by first presenting entire sessions composed of one sample-comparison relation and then gradually reducing the number of consecutive trials with the same sample until sample presentation was randomized (schedule performance was maintained). Removal of the schedule requirement had no effect on arbitrary matching accuracy. Both subjects subsequently demonstrated control by relations symmetric to the trained relations.
两名患有发育迟缓的受试者表现出广义的同一性匹配，但他们在习得任意匹配方面有长期失败的经历，他们接受了一系列旨在分别训练二选一条件辨别各组成部分的条件。首先，通过在每个样本刺激出现时安排不同的强化程序，建立样本刺激之间的相继辨别。两名受试者都获得并维持了按时间表执行的任务，但都没有习得任意匹配。为了训练比较刺激之间的同时辨别，然后让1名受试者经历一系列简单的辨别逆转，随后该受试者未能习得任意匹配。在通过首先呈现由一种样本-比较关系组成的完整实验环节，然后逐渐减少连续使用相同样本的试验次数，直到样本呈现随机化（同时维持按时间表执行的任务）来维持样本和比较辨别的程序下，两名受试者都习得任意匹配。取消按时间表执行的要求对任意匹配准确性没有影响。两名受试者随后都表现出受与训练关系对称的关系的控制。
