Parmigiani A, Budanov A V
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2016;327:1-42. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.05.003. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
Sestrins are a family of stress-responsive genes that have evolved to attenuate damage induced by stress caused to the cell. By virtue of their antioxidant activity, protein products of Sestrin genes prevent the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the cell, thereby attenuating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. In parallel, Sestrins participate in several signaling pathways that control the activity of the target of rapamycin protein kinase (TOR). TOR is a crucial sensor of intracellular and extracellular conditions that promotes cell growth and anabolism when nutrients and growth factors are abundant. In addition to reacting to stress-inducing insults, Sestrins also monitor the changes in the availability of nutrients, which allows them to serve as a key checkpoint for the TOR-regulated signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss how Sestrins integrate signals from numerous stress- and nutrient-responsive signaling pathways to orchestrate cellular metabolism and support cell viability.
硒蛋白是一类应激反应基因家族，其进化目的是减轻细胞因应激而受到的损伤。凭借其抗氧化活性，硒蛋白基因的蛋白质产物可防止细胞内活性氧的积累，从而减轻氧化应激的有害影响。同时，硒蛋白参与多种信号通路，这些信号通路控制雷帕霉素蛋白激酶（TOR）靶点的活性。TOR是细胞内和细胞外环境的关键传感器，当营养物质和生长因子丰富时，它会促进细胞生长和合成代谢。除了对应激性损伤做出反应外，硒蛋白还监测营养物质可用性的变化，这使其能够作为TOR调节信号通路的关键检查点。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论硒蛋白如何整合来自众多应激和营养反应信号通路的信号，以协调细胞代谢并支持细胞活力。
