替格瑞洛对血小板的抑制作用源于其对P2Y12受体的反向激动作用以及对ENT1转运体的阻断作用。
Inverse agonism at the P2Y12 receptor and ENT1 transporter blockade contribute to platelet inhibition by ticagrelor.
作者信息
Aungraheeta Riyaad, Conibear Alexandra, Butler Mark, Kelly Eamonn, Nylander Sven, Mumford Andrew, Mundell Stuart J
机构信息
School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and.
出版信息
Blood. 2016 Dec 8;128(23):2717-2728. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-707844. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Ticagrelor is a potent antagonist of the P2Y receptor (P2YR) and consequently an inhibitor of platelet activity effective in the treatment of atherothrombosis. Here, we sought to further characterize its molecular mechanism of action. Initial studies showed that ticagrelor promoted a greater inhibition of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced Ca release in washed platelets vs other P2YR antagonists. This additional effect of ticagrelor beyond P2YR antagonism was in part as a consequence of ticagrelor inhibiting the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on platelets, leading to accumulation of extracellular adenosine and activation of G-coupled adenosine A receptors. This contributed to an increase in basal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP-P). In addition, ticagrelor increased platelet cAMP and VASP-P in the absence of ADP in an adenosine receptor-independent manner. We hypothesized that this increase originated from a direct effect on basal agonist-independent P2YR signaling, and this was validated in 1321N1 cells stably transfected with human P2YR. In these cells, ticagrelor blocked the constitutive agonist-independent activity of the P2YR, limiting basal G-coupled signaling and thereby increasing cAMP levels. These data suggest that ticagrelor has the pharmacological profile of an inverse agonist. Based on our results showing insurmountable inhibition of ADP-induced Ca release and forskolin-induced cAMP, the mode of antagonism of ticagrelor also appears noncompetitive, at least functionally. In summary, our studies describe 2 novel modes of action of ticagrelor, inhibition of platelet ENT1 and inverse agonism at the P2YR that contribute to its effective inhibition of platelet activation.
替格瑞洛是一种强效的P2Y受体(P2YR)拮抗剂,因此是一种有效的血小板活性抑制剂,可用于治疗动脉粥样硬化血栓形成。在此,我们试图进一步阐明其分子作用机制。初步研究表明,与其他P2YR拮抗剂相比,替格瑞洛对洗涤后的血小板中腺苷5'-二磷酸(ADP)诱导的钙释放具有更强的抑制作用。替格瑞洛除P2YR拮抗作用外的这种额外效应部分是由于其抑制了血小板上的平衡核苷转运体1(ENT1),导致细胞外腺苷积累并激活G偶联腺苷A受体。这导致基础环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)增加和血管舒张刺激磷蛋白磷酸化(VASP-P)增加。此外,替格瑞洛在不存在ADP的情况下以腺苷受体非依赖的方式增加血小板cAMP和VASP-P。我们推测这种增加源于对基础激动剂非依赖的P2YR信号传导的直接作用,这在稳定转染人P2YR的1321N1细胞中得到了验证。在这些细胞中,替格瑞洛阻断了P2YR的组成型激动剂非依赖活性,限制了基础G偶联信号传导,从而增加了cAMP水平。这些数据表明替格瑞洛具有反向激动剂的药理学特征。基于我们的结果显示替格瑞洛对ADP诱导的钙释放和福斯可林诱导的cAMP具有不可克服的抑制作用,替格瑞洛的拮抗模式在功能上似乎也是非竞争性的。总之,我们的研究描述了替格瑞洛的两种新作用模式,即抑制血小板ENT1和对P2YR的反向激动作用,这有助于其有效抑制血小板活化。