Franco Jorge, Matamoros Víctor
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Dec;23(24):25402-25411. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7516-1. Epub 2016 Oct 2.
Vegetated filter strips (VFSs) are planted at the edge of agricultural fields to reduce pesticide run-off and its consequent potential toxicological effects on ecosystem biota; however, little attention has been paid to date to the attenuation of highly polar and ionisable pesticides such as phenoxyacid herbicides. This study assesses the effect of soil moisture, run-off flow and vegetation on the attenuation of MCPA, mecoprop, dicamba, dichlorprop, fenitrothion, atrazine and simazine by VFSs. Reactors measuring 5 m long by 0.1 m wide were each filled with 60 kg of soil from a real field VFS. VFSs planted with Phragmites australis and unvegetated control reactors were assessed. After a simulated rainfall event of 50 mm, two hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) were assessed (1 and 2 cm h). These results were compared to those from the same systems under water-saturated conditions. The results show that VFSs reduced the peak inlet concentration and pesticide mass by more than 90 % and that the presence of vegetation increased that attenuation (82-90 % without vegetation and 90-93 % with vegetation, on average). The laboratory-scale study showed that such attenuation was due to sorption into the soil. The toxicity units of pesticides fell by more than 90 % in all cases, except under the water-saturated conditions, in which the decrease was lower (16 vs 54 %, for unvegetated and vegetated reactors). Therefore, the presence of vegetation was shown to be effective for reducing mass discharge of ionisable and highly polar pesticides into surface-water bodies.
植被过滤带（VFSs）种植在农田边缘，以减少农药径流及其对生态系统生物群随之产生的潜在毒理学影响；然而，迄今为止，对于高极性和可离子化农药（如苯氧羧酸类除草剂）的衰减关注甚少。本研究评估了土壤湿度、径流和植被对VFSs对灭草灵、麦草畏、麦草畏、二氯丙酸、杀螟硫磷、莠去津和西玛津衰减的影响。测量长度为5米、宽度为0.1米的反应器，每个都填充了60千克来自实际田间VFS的土壤。对种植芦苇的VFSs和无植被的对照反应器进行了评估。在模拟50毫米降雨事件后，评估了两种水力负荷率（HLRs）（1和2厘米/小时）。将这些结果与相同系统在水饱和条件下的结果进行了比较。结果表明，VFSs使进水峰值浓度和农药质量降低了90%以上，并且植被的存在增加了这种衰减（平均而言，无植被时为82-90%，有植被时为90-93%）。实验室规模的研究表明，这种衰减是由于土壤吸附。除了在水饱和条件下农药毒性单位下降较低（无植被和有植被的反应器分别为16%和54%）外，所有情况下农药毒性单位下降均超过90%。因此，植被的存在被证明对减少可离子化和高极性农药向地表水体的质量排放有效。
