DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; Informatica ambientale, via Pacini 62, 20131 Milan, Italy.
DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jan 1;575:1014-1026. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.168. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Analogously to the evolution of the EU legislation on pesticides, there is an increasing need of strategies aiming to reach a "sustainable use of veterinary pharmaceuticals". To this end, it is essential to develop tools, such as supporting information systems (SIS), for managing the environmental risks of veterinary pharmaceuticals on a territorial scale. In this context, we propose Sust-PHarm (SUSTainable use of veterinary Pharmaceuticals), a SIS useful to identify groundwater vulnerable areas to veterinary pharmaceuticals at both local and regional scale. As background, Sust-PHarm follows the schemes of SIS for pesticides. The latter are based on the integration of predictive models in GIS. The proposed approach goes a step forward by integrating also data on the typologies of livestock farm, their spatial distribution and manure management techniques. This information allows to identify the potential environmental loads of veterinary pharmaceuticals. In this paper, we discuss the innovative elements characterizing Sust-PHarm through a comparison with the SIS currently used for pesticides. The advantages of Sust-PHarm are discussed using Lombardia Region (Northern Italy) as a case study. Simulations were made on 12 veterinary pharmaceuticals characterized by different physical-chemical properties. Results are compared with the current guidelines for the evaluation of veterinary pharmaceuticals leaching highlighting some substantial differences when realistic data are utilized making our approach more accurate than guidelines one.
类似于欧盟农药法规的演变，越来越需要制定策略，以实现“兽用药品的可持续使用”。为此，必须开发工具，如支持信息系统 (SIS)，以便在地域范围内管理兽用药品的环境风险。在这种情况下，我们提出了 Sust-PHarm（兽用药品的可持续使用），这是一种有助于在本地和区域范围内识别地下水易受兽用药品影响的 SIS。作为背景，Sust-PHarm 遵循农药 SIS 的方案。后者基于在 GIS 中整合预测模型。所提出的方法更进一步，还整合了关于牲畜养殖场类型、其空间分布和粪便管理技术的数据。这些信息可用于确定兽用药品的潜在环境负荷。在本文中，我们通过与当前用于农药的 SIS 进行比较，讨论了 Sust-PHarm 的创新要素。我们使用意大利北部伦巴第大区作为案例研究来讨论 Sust-PHarm 的优势。对 12 种具有不同物理化学特性的兽用药品进行了模拟。将结果与当前用于评估兽用药品浸出的指南进行了比较，突出了在使用实际数据时的一些实质性差异，使我们的方法比指南更准确。
