Dean Abigail M, Oh Jaehyun, Thomson Christopher J, Norris Catherine J, Durgin Frank H
Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, PA, USA.
Iperception. 2016 Jul 18;7(4):2041669516658665. doi: 10.1177/2041669516658665. eCollection 2016 Jul-Aug.
Several individual differences including age have been suggested to affect the perception of slant. A cross-sectional study of outdoor hill estimation ( = 106) was analyzed using individual difference measures of age, experiential knowledge, fitness, personality traits, and sex. Of particular note, it was found that for participants who reported any experiential knowledge about slant, estimates decreased (i.e., became more accurate) as conscientiousness increased, suggesting that more conscientious individuals were more deliberate about taking their experiential knowledge (rather than perception) into account. Effects of fitness were limited to those without experiential knowledge, suggesting that they, too, may be cognitive rather than perceptual. The observed effects of age, which tended to produce lower, more accurate estimates of hill slant, provide more evidence that older adults do not see hills as steeper. The main effect of age was to lower slant estimates; such effects may be due to implicit experiential knowledge acquired over a lifetime. The results indicate the impact of cognitive, rather than perceptual factors on individual differences in slant estimation.
包括年龄在内的一些个体差异被认为会影响倾斜度感知。一项针对户外山丘坡度估计的横断面研究（n = 106），使用年龄、经验知识、健康状况、人格特质和性别的个体差异测量方法进行了分析。特别值得注意的是，研究发现，对于那些报告有任何关于倾斜度经验知识的参与者，随着尽责性的增加，估计值会降低（即变得更准确），这表明更尽责的个体在考虑他们的经验知识（而非感知）时更加慎重。健康状况的影响仅限于那些没有经验知识的人，这表明这些影响也可能是认知性的而非感知性的。观察到的年龄效应倾向于产生更低、更准确的山丘坡度估计值，这进一步证明老年人不会把山丘看得更陡峭。年龄的主要影响是降低坡度估计值；这种影响可能是由于一生积累的隐性经验知识所致。结果表明认知因素而非感知因素对倾斜度估计中的个体差异有影响。
