Shin Eunsam, Chong Sang Chul
The Center for Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Psychophysiology. 2016 Dec;53(12):1878-1888. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12766. Epub 2016 Oct 4.
In visual oddball search tasks, viewing a no-target scene (i.e., no-target selection trial) leads to the facilitation or delay of the search time for a target in a subsequent trial. Presumably, this selection failure leads to biasing attentional set and prioritizing stimulus features unseen in the no-target scene. We observed attention-related ERP components and tracked the course of attentional biasing as a function of trial history. Participants were instructed to identify color oddballs (i.e., targets) shown in varied trial sequences. The number of no-target scenes preceding a target scene was increased from zero to two to reinforce attentional biasing, and colors presented in two successive no-target scenes were repeated or changed to systematically bias attention to specific colors. For the no-target scenes, the presentation of a second no-target scene resulted in an early selection of, and sustained attention to, the changed colors (mirrored in the frontal selection positivity, the anterior N2, and the P3b). For the target scenes, the N2pc indicated an earlier allocation of attention to the targets with unseen or remotely seen colors. Inhibitory control of attention, shown in the anterior N2, was greatest when the target scene was followed by repeated no-target scenes with repeated colors. Finally, search times and the P3b were influenced by both color previewing and its history. The current results demonstrate that attentional biasing can occur on a trial-by-trial basis and be influenced by both feature previewing and its history.
在视觉奇异性搜索任务中，观看无目标场景（即无目标选择试验）会导致后续试验中目标搜索时间的缩短或延长。据推测，这种选择失败会导致注意力定势的偏差，并使无目标场景中未出现的刺激特征具有优先级。我们观察了与注意力相关的事件相关电位（ERP）成分，并追踪了作为试验历史函数的注意力偏差过程。参与者被要求识别以不同试验序列呈现的颜色奇异球（即目标）。目标场景之前的无目标场景数量从零增加到两个，以加强注意力偏差，并且在两个连续的无目标场景中呈现的颜色被重复或改变，以系统地使注意力偏向特定颜色。对于无目标场景，第二个无目标场景的呈现导致对变化颜色的早期选择和持续关注（反映在额叶选择正波、前部N2和P3b中）。对于目标场景，N2pc表明对具有未见过或远距离见过颜色的目标的注意力分配更早。当目标场景之后是具有重复颜色的重复无目标场景时，前部N2中显示的注意力抑制控制最大。最后，搜索时间和P3b受到颜色预视及其历史的影响。当前结果表明，注意力偏差可以逐次发生，并受到特征预视及其历史的影响。
