Sadun A A
Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033.
Metab Pediatr Syst Ophthalmol (1985). 1989;12(1-3):64-8.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease, or more often their families, frequently complain of problems with vision. Nonetheless, clinicians have tended to attribute these symptoms to impaired cognitive functions. Alzheimer patients have been ascribed to disease in the cerebral cortex. However, we have demonstrated that patients with Alzheimer's disease also have a primary optic neuropathy. Degeneration is noted in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the retina and among axons of the optic nerve. In particular, there appears to be a predilection in early Alzheimer's disease for injury to the largest retinal ganglion cell axons. Clinical assessments of patients with Alzheimer's disease demonstrated that patients with only mild dementia have excellent visual acuity. However, they demonstrate deficits in eye movements, visual evoked responses, and contrast sensitivity functions. Patients with more severe Alzheimer's disease are hard to evaluate but they demonstrate severe impairments of vision of many types including visual acuity. The differential involvement of various types of retinal ganglion cells and of different visual functions in early Alzheimer's disease further emphasizes the nature of parallel processing in human vision.
阿尔茨海默病患者，或者更常见的是他们的家人，经常抱怨视力问题。然而，临床医生往往将这些症状归因于认知功能受损。阿尔茨海默病患者被认为是大脑皮层患病。然而，我们已经证明，阿尔茨海默病患者还存在原发性视神经病变。在视网膜的视网膜神经节细胞层和视神经轴突中可观察到退化现象。特别是，在早期阿尔茨海默病中，最大的视网膜神经节细胞轴突似乎更容易受到损伤。对阿尔茨海默病患者的临床评估表明，仅有轻度痴呆的患者视力极佳。然而，他们在眼球运动、视觉诱发电位和对比敏感度功能方面存在缺陷。患有更严重阿尔茨海默病的患者很难评估，但他们表现出多种类型的严重视力损害，包括视力。早期阿尔茨海默病中不同类型的视网膜神经节细胞和不同视觉功能的差异受累进一步强调了人类视觉中并行处理的本质。
