Michalak Łukasz, Bulska Magdalena, Kudłacz Katarzyna, Szcześniak Piotr
Klinika Nefrologii, Nadciśnienia Tętniczego i Medycyny Rodzinnej USK im. WAM-CSW.
Zakład Biofarmacji Katedra Biofarmacji UM w Łodzi.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2016 Jan 4;70(0):1026-1031. doi: 10.5604/17322693.1220397.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, known also as 24p3 lipocalin, lipocalin-2 or uterocalin (in mouse), is a small secretory protein binding small molecular weight ligands which takes part in numerous processes including apoptosis induction in leukocytes, iron transport, smell, and prostaglandins and retinol transport [19]. It was discovered in activated neutrophils as a covalent peptide associated with human gelatinase neutrophils [7]. Neutrophil lipocalin is secreted physiologically in the digestive system, respiratory tract, renal tubular cells, liver or immunity system. Systematic (circulated in plasma) neutrophil gelatinase come from multiple sources; it may be synthesized in the liver, secreted from activated neutrophils or macrophages, or derive from atherosclerosis or inflammatory endothelial cells [17]. NGAL is stored secondarily in granulates with lactoferrin, calprotectin or MAC-1, which take part in neutrophils' action and migration [13,19]. NGAL participates in acute and chronic inflammation (production of NGAL is indicated by factors conducive to cancer progression) [13,21]. NGAL levels increase in inflammatory or endothelial damage. NGAL level is measured in blood or urine. It is known as a kidney failure factor [7,20]. NGAL is therefore one of the most promising new generation biomarkers in clinical nephrology [6]. The role of NGAL in digestive system neoplasms has not been explored in detail. However, overexpression of this marker was proved in neoplasms such as esophageal carcinoma, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer or colon cancer, which may indicate an association between concentration and neoplasm [3].
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白，也被称为24p3脂质运载蛋白、脂质运载蛋白-2或子宫珠蛋白（在小鼠中），是一种结合小分子配体的小分泌蛋白，参与众多过程，包括诱导白细胞凋亡、铁运输、嗅觉以及前列腺素和视黄醇运输[19]。它最初是在活化的中性粒细胞中作为与人中性粒细胞明胶酶相关的共价肽被发现的[7]。中性粒细胞脂质运载蛋白在消化系统、呼吸道、肾小管细胞、肝脏或免疫系统中生理性分泌。系统性（在血浆中循环）中性粒细胞明胶酶来源多样；它可能在肝脏中合成，从活化的中性粒细胞或巨噬细胞分泌，或者源自动脉粥样硬化或炎症性内皮细胞[17]。NGAL次要地与乳铁蛋白、钙卫蛋白或MAC-1一起储存在颗粒中，这些物质参与中性粒细胞的作用和迁移[13,19]。NGAL参与急性和慢性炎症（有利于癌症进展的因素会表明NGAL的产生）[13,21]。炎症或内皮损伤时NGAL水平升高。NGAL水平通过血液或尿液检测。它被认为是肾衰竭因子[7,20]。因此，NGAL是临床肾脏病学中最有前景的新一代生物标志物之一[6]。NGAL在消化系统肿瘤中的作用尚未得到详细研究。然而，在食管癌、胃癌、胰腺癌或结肠癌等肿瘤中已证实该标志物过表达，这可能表明其浓度与肿瘤之间存在关联[3]。
