Spengler Jessica R, Estrada-Peña Agustín, Garrison Aura R, Schmaljohn Connie, Spiropoulou Christina F, Bergeron Éric, Bente Dennis A
Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Antiviral Res. 2016 Nov;135:31-47. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
This article provides a definitive review of experimental studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), the etiologic agent of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), beginning with the first recognized outbreak of the human disease in Crimea in 1944. Published reports by researchers in the former Soviet Union, Bulgaria, South Africa, and other countries where CCHF has been observed show that CCHFV is maintained in nature in a tick-vertebrate-tick enzootic cycle. Human disease most commonly results from the bite of an infected tick, but may also follow crushing of infected ticks or exposure to the blood and tissues of infected animals during slaughter. Wild and domestic animals are susceptible to infection with CCHFV, but do not develop clinical illness. Vertebrates are important in CCHF epidemiology, as they provide blood meals to support tick populations, transport ticks across wide geographic areas, and transmit CCHFV to ticks and humans during the period of viremia. Many aspects of vertebrate involvement in the maintenance and spread of CCHFV are still poorly understood. Experimental investigations in wild animals and livestock provide important data to aid our understanding of CCHFV ecology. This article is the second in a series of reviews of more than 70 years of research on CCHF, summarizing important findings, identifying gaps in knowledge, and suggesting directions for future research.
本文对野生动物和家畜在克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）（克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）的病原体）的维持和传播中所起作用的实验研究进行了权威性综述，始于1944年在克里米亚首次确认的人类疾病疫情。前苏联、保加利亚、南非以及其他观察到CCHF的国家的研究人员发表的报告表明，CCHFV在自然界中通过蜱-脊椎动物-蜱的动物疫源性循环得以维持。人类疾病最常见的起因是被感染的蜱叮咬，但也可能因碾碎感染的蜱或在屠宰过程中接触感染动物的血液和组织而感染。野生动物和家畜对CCHFV易感，但不会出现临床疾病。脊椎动物在CCHF流行病学中很重要，因为它们提供血餐以维持蜱的数量，在广泛的地理区域内传播蜱，并在病毒血症期间将CCHFV传播给蜱和人类。脊椎动物在CCHFV的维持和传播中所涉及的许多方面仍知之甚少。对野生动物和家畜的实验研究提供了重要数据，有助于我们了解CCHFV的生态学。本文是关于CCHF七十多年研究的系列综述中的第二篇，总结了重要发现，找出了知识空白，并提出了未来研究的方向。
