Cornblatt B A, Lenzenweger M F, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L
Department of Medical Genetics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.
Psychiatry Res. 1989 Jul;29(1):65-85. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90188-1.
The Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs version was administered to 14 schizophrenic patients, 17 depressed patients, and 28 normal controls. The task was divided into verbal and spatial stimuli, as well as no-distraction and distraction (verbal and auditory) conditions. Both patient groups displayed attentional impairments compared to normal subjects, but they differed from each other in specific profiles. Schizophrenic patients were characterized by a global impairment and a particular inability to focus on the critical stimuli, whether verbal or spatial. They also made an excess of random responses throughout the task but showed no evidence that attention declined from its initial level over time. Depressed patients did not display a global attentional deficit but did show a specific inability to attend to spatial as compared to verbal stimuli and, in particular, a confusion when the spatial stimuli were only slightly different. Performance on a secondary task in response to a change in expectation improved dramatically for depressed but not schizophrenic patients, suggesting a more efficient allocation strategy, a greater reserve of processing capacity, or more dependence on motivational factors in depressed patients. Schizophrenic and depressed patients were alike in extent of distractibility. Whereas normal controls improved with the onset of external distraction, schizophrenic and depressed patients deteriorated to an equal extent. Distractibility was thus concluded to be a correlate of acute psychiatric illness and not specific for schizophrenia.
对14名精神分裂症患者、17名抑郁症患者和28名正常对照者进行了连续操作测试-相同对子版本测试。任务分为言语和空间刺激，以及无干扰和干扰（言语和听觉）条件。与正常受试者相比，两组患者均表现出注意力障碍，但在具体特征上彼此不同。精神分裂症患者的特征是整体功能受损，尤其无法专注于关键刺激，无论是言语刺激还是空间刺激。他们在整个任务中还做出了过多的随机反应，但没有证据表明注意力随时间从初始水平下降。抑郁症患者没有表现出整体注意力缺陷，但与言语刺激相比，确实表现出在关注空间刺激方面存在特定障碍，特别是当空间刺激仅有轻微差异时会出现混淆。对于抑郁症患者而非精神分裂症患者，响应预期变化的次要任务表现有显著改善，这表明抑郁症患者有更有效的分配策略、更大的处理能力储备或更多地依赖动机因素。精神分裂症患者和抑郁症患者在易分心程度上相似。正常对照者随着外部干扰的出现表现有所改善，而精神分裂症患者和抑郁症患者的表现均同等程度恶化。因此得出结论，易分心是急性精神疾病的一个相关因素，并非精神分裂症所特有。
