Cornblatt B A, Risch N J, Faris G, Friedman D, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L
Department of Medical Genetics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.
Psychiatry Res. 1988 Nov;26(2):223-38. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(88)90076-5.
Thirty families, consisting of two parents and two adolescent children, were tested on a high-processing load Continuous Performance Test, the CPT-IP, which required identification of identical stimulus pairs within a continuously presented series of stimuli. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data for research concerned with the role of attention in psychopathology, especially schizophrenia and major affective disorder. Retest data collected from 23 of the 30 families showed the CPT-IP to be a reliable measure of attention. A major developmental effect was found in capacity to sustain attention to spatial vs. verbal stimuli, which suggested that spatial skills are most developed during childhood and adolescence, while verbal attentional skills tend to peak in adulthood. Factor analysis and family transmission patterns further suggested that the two types of attention (spatial and verbal) were independent and that each was heritable to some degree. Experimental distraction did not disrupt performance in any of the subjects and, in fact, tended to improve it in the adolescents, especially for spatial stimuli. We conclude that the CPT-IP is appropriate for use with families containing members differing widely in age and processing skills.
三十个家庭，每个家庭由父母二人及两个青春期孩子组成，接受了一项高处理负荷的连续作业测试，即CPT-IP，该测试要求在一系列连续呈现的刺激中识别相同的刺激对。本研究的目的是为关注注意力在精神病理学，尤其是精神分裂症和重度情感障碍中作用的研究提供规范数据。从30个家庭中的23个家庭收集的重测数据表明，CPT-IP是一种可靠的注意力测量方法。研究发现，在对空间刺激与言语刺激保持注意力的能力方面存在主要的发育效应，这表明空间技能在儿童期和青春期发育最为充分，而言语注意力技能往往在成年期达到峰值。因子分析和家族传递模式进一步表明，两种注意力类型（空间和言语）是独立的，且每种在一定程度上都是可遗传的。实验性干扰并未扰乱任何受试者的表现，事实上，在青少年中反而往往会提高表现，尤其是对空间刺激。我们得出结论，CPT-IP适用于家庭成员年龄和处理技能差异很大的家庭。
