Frey Noelle V, Porter David L
Oncology (Williston Park). 2016 Oct 15;30(10):880-8, 890.
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered molecules that can be introduced into T cells to enable them to target specific tumor antigens. CAR T cells targeting CD19 have shown promise in patients with relapsed and refractory B-cell neoplasms, including those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Notably, durable responses have been observed in patients who had not undergone consolidative stem cell transplant, a finding that correlates with reports of T-cell persistence and B-cell aplasia in studies of anti-CD19 treatment in vivo. Cytokine release syndrome, correlating with activation and expansion of T cells, and neurologic toxicity are the most significant treatment-related adverse effects. Efforts are underway to extend the benefits of immunotherapy with anti-CD19 CAR T cells to other targets and tumor types.
嵌合抗原受体（CARs）是经过工程改造的分子，可导入T细胞，使其能够靶向特定肿瘤抗原。靶向CD19的CAR T细胞已在复发难治性B细胞肿瘤患者中显示出前景，这些肿瘤包括急性淋巴细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者。值得注意的是，在未接受巩固性干细胞移植的患者中观察到了持久反应，这一发现与体内抗CD19治疗研究中T细胞持久性和B细胞发育不全的报道相关。细胞因子释放综合征与T细胞的激活和扩增相关，神经毒性是最显著的治疗相关不良反应。目前正在努力将抗CD19 CAR T细胞免疫疗法的益处扩展到其他靶点和肿瘤类型。
