Unidad Municipal de Atención a Drogodependientes (UMAD), Ayuntamiento de Santiago de Compostela (Municipal Centre for Attention to Drug Addicts, Santiago de Compostela City Council).
Adicciones. 2016 Oct 7;29(2):113-124. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.889.
In recent decades, research has identified a set of impulsive/disinhibited personality variables closely associated with drug addiction. As well as this, disorders linked with these variables, such as ADHD and personality disorders, are being closely studied in the field of drug addiction. Although much knowledge has been accumulated about the relation of these variables and disorders taken separately, less is known about how these constructs allow identify-specific profiles within the drug dependent population to be identified. This work, on the basis of data collected on a sample of drug addicts in treatment, analyzes how impulsiveness, sensation seeking, self-control, ADHD and personality disorders contribute to identifying specific profiles of addicts. Cluster analysis allowed two profiles to be outlined according to these personality and psychopathology characteristics. Self-control, impulsiveness, impulsive and antisocial personality disorders, as well as scores in ADHD, emerge as the variables that contribute more to profile differentiation. One of these profiles (56.1% of participants) with a high disinhibition pattern, is associated with severe indicators of consumption and criminal career patterns. These results allow us to emphasize the role of personality and impulsiveness-related disorders in the identification of distinctive profiles within the addict population, and suggest the need to generate treatment strategies adapted to personal/psychopathology configurations of drug addicts.
近几十年来，研究已经确定了一系列与药物成瘾密切相关的冲动/抑制性人格变量。此外，与这些变量相关的疾病，如注意力缺陷多动障碍和人格障碍，也在药物成瘾领域得到了密切研究。尽管已经积累了大量关于这些变量和疾病单独关联的知识，但对于这些结构如何允许在药物依赖人群中识别特定的个体特征，了解得还比较少。这项工作基于对治疗中的一组吸毒者样本的数据进行分析，研究了冲动、寻求刺激、自我控制、注意力缺陷多动障碍和人格障碍如何有助于识别特定的吸毒者特征。聚类分析根据这些人格和精神病理学特征勾勒出了两种特征。自我控制、冲动、冲动和反社会人格障碍，以及 ADHD 的得分，是导致特征差异的主要因素。这些结果使我们能够强调人格和与冲动相关的障碍在识别成瘾者群体中的独特特征方面的作用，并表明需要制定适合药物成瘾者个人/精神病理学特征的治疗策略。
