Duerr Robert A, Chauhan Aakash, Frank Darren A, DeMeo Patrick J, Akhavan Sam
Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
JBJS Rev. 2016 Sep 13;4(9). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.15.00102.
Major anatomic risk factors for recurrent patellar instability include trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, a lateralized tibial tuberosity, and medial patellofemoral ligament insufficiency. Acute first-time patellar dislocation may be treated nonoperatively in the absence of osteochondral injury. Recurrent patellar instability often requires medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, with osseous procedures reserved for patients with substantial underlying anatomic abnormalities. Surgical treatment of patellar instability is complex and should be individualized to address the needs of each patient.
复发性髌骨不稳定的主要解剖学危险因素包括滑车发育不良、高位髌骨、胫骨结节外移和髌股内侧韧带功能不全。在没有骨软骨损伤的情况下，首次急性髌骨脱位可采用非手术治疗。复发性髌骨不稳定通常需要进行髌股内侧韧带重建，对于存在严重潜在解剖学异常的患者则采用骨性手术。髌骨不稳定的手术治疗较为复杂，应根据每位患者的需求进行个体化治疗。
