Wood A, Haga E B, Costa V A, Rossi M N
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, LEPOP (Laboratório de Ecologia Populacional),Diadema, SP,Brazil.
Centro Experimental do Instituto Biológico, Instituto Biológico,Campinas, SP,Brazil.
Bull Entomol Res. 2017 Jun;107(3):322-331. doi: 10.1017/S0007485316000924. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Bruchine beetles are highly host-specific seed feeders during the larval stage. Although some specific parasitoid families have been recorded attacking bruchine beetles, most studies have been done at small spatial scales. Therefore, the current knowledge about the diversity and the geographic distribution of parasitoid species parasitizing bruchines is scarce, especially at a wide geographic area that extends over large distances through a latitudinal cline (i.e. large-scale spatial structure). The present study determined the species richness and evenness of parasitoids attacking the bruchine beetle Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus feeding on Leucaena leucocephala seeds, examined their geographic distribution, and characterized the large-scale spatial structure in parasitoid species composition. A total of 1420 parasitoids (all Hymenoptera) belonging to four families, five subfamilies and eight species were collected (genera: Horismenus, Paracrias, Urosigalphus, Stenocorse, Chryseida, Eupelmus). Most parasitoid species showed wide spatial distribution, high evenness in species abundance and the species richness estimators were close to stabilization (approximately eight species). Overall, greater similarity was observed in the species composition of plant populations near to each other than those farther apart, revealing a large-scale spatial structure in parasitoid species composition.
豆象甲幼虫是高度寄主专一性的种子取食者。尽管已经记录到一些特定的寄生蜂科攻击豆象甲，但大多数研究是在小空间尺度上进行的。因此，目前关于寄生豆象甲的寄生蜂物种多样性和地理分布的知识匮乏，尤其是在跨越较大纬度梯度（即大规模空间结构）的广阔地理区域。本研究确定了攻击以银合欢种子为食的豆象甲大眼长颊豆象的寄生蜂的物种丰富度和均匀度，研究了它们的地理分布，并描述了寄生蜂物种组成中的大规模空间结构。共收集到1420只寄生蜂（均为膜翅目），分属于4个科、5个亚科和8个物种（属：角头小蜂属、副克里小蜂属、尾带长颊小蜂属、窄胸姬小蜂属、金小蜂属、真釉小蜂属）。大多数寄生蜂物种表现出广泛的空间分布，物种丰度均匀度高，物种丰富度估计值接近稳定（约8个物种）。总体而言，彼此相邻的植物种群的物种组成比相距较远的植物种群更为相似，揭示了寄生蜂物种组成中的大规模空间结构。
