Kleinmann Matthias, Cabello Adán
Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.
Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Oct 7;117(15):150401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.150401.
We show that, for any n, there are m-outcome quantum correlations, with m>n, which are stronger than any nonsignaling correlation produced from selecting among n-outcome measurements. As a consequence, for any n, there are m-outcome quantum measurements that cannot be constructed by selecting locally from the set of n-outcome measurements. This is a property of the set of measurements in quantum theory that is not mandatory for general probabilistic theories. We also show that this prediction can be tested through high-precision Bell-type experiments and identify past experiments providing evidence that some of these strong correlations exist in nature. Finally, we provide a modified version of quantum theory restricted to having at most n-outcome quantum measurements.
我们证明，对于任意的n，存在m个结果的量子关联，其中m > n，其比从n个结果的测量中进行选择所产生的任何非信号关联都更强。因此，对于任意的n，存在m个结果的量子测量，它们无法通过从n个结果的测量集合中进行局部选择来构建。这是量子理论中测量集合的一个性质，对于一般概率理论来说并非是必需的。我们还表明，这个预测可以通过高精度的贝尔型实验来检验，并识别出过去的实验，这些实验提供了证据表明自然界中存在一些这样的强关联。最后，我们提供了一个量子理论的修正版本，该版本限制为最多具有n个结果的量子测量。
