Podestà M, Azzellino A, Cañadas A, Frantzis A, Moulins A, Rosso M, Tepsich P, Lanfredi C
Museum of Natural History of Milan, Milano, Italy.
Politecnico di Milano, University of Technology, Milano, Italy; Tethys Research Institute, Milano, Italy.
Adv Mar Biol. 2016;75:103-140. doi: 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.07.007. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823) is the only beaked whale species commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea. Until recently, species presence in this area was only inferred from stranding events. Dedicated cetacean surveys have increased our knowledge of the distribution of Cuvier's beaked whales, even though many areas still remain unexplored. Here, we present an updated analysis of available sighting and stranding data, focusing on the atypical mass strandings that have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea since 1963. We describe in detail the five more recent events (2006-14), highlighting their relationship with naval exercises that used mid-frequency active sonar. The distribution of the species is apparently characterized by areas of high density where animals seem to be relatively abundant, including the Alborán Sea, Ligurian Sea, Central Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Adriatic Sea and the Hellenic Trench, but other such areas may exist where little or no survey work has been conducted. Population size has been estimated for the Alborán and Ligurian seas. Habitat modelling studies for those areas, confirmed the species preference for the continental slope and its particular association with submarine canyons, as has also been found to be the case in other areas of the world. The application of results from habitat modelling to areas different from their calibration sites is proposed as a management tool for minimizing the potential impacts of human activities at sea. Military sonar is known worldwide as a threat for this species and is suggested to be a major threat for Cuvier's beaked whale in the Mediterranean Sea.
柯氏喙鲸（Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823）是地中海常见的唯一喙鲸物种。直到最近，该物种在这一区域的存在情况仅通过搁浅事件推断得出。尽管许多区域仍未被探索，但专门的鲸类调查增加了我们对柯氏喙鲸分布情况的了解。在此，我们对现有目击和搁浅数据进行了更新分析，重点关注自1963年以来在地中海发生的非典型大规模搁浅事件。我们详细描述了最近的五次事件（2006 - 2014年），突出了它们与使用中频主动声呐的海军演习之间的关系。该物种的分布明显以高密度区域为特征，在这些区域动物似乎相对丰富，包括阿尔沃兰海、利古里亚海、第勒尼安海中部、亚得里亚海南部和希腊海沟，但可能还存在其他此类区域，只是几乎没有或根本没有进行过调查工作。已对阿尔沃兰海和利古里亚海的种群规模进行了估计。针对这些区域的栖息地建模研究证实了该物种对大陆坡的偏好及其与海底峡谷的特殊关联，在世界其他区域也发现了同样的情况。建议将栖息地建模结果应用于与其校准地点不同的区域，作为一种管理工具，以尽量减少海上人类活动的潜在影响。军事声呐在全球范围内被认为是对该物种的一种威胁，并且被认为是地中海柯氏喙鲸面临的主要威胁。
