Modulation of hydrogen sulfide by vascular hypoxia.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has emerged as a key regulator of cardiovascular function. This gasotransmitter is produced in the vasculature and is involved in numerous processes that promote vascular homeostasis, including vasodilation and endothelial cell proliferation. Although HS plays a role under physiological conditions, it has become clear in recent years that hypoxia modulates the production and action of HS. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that HS is cytoprotective in the face of hypoxic insults. This review focuses on the synthesis and signaling of HS in hypoxic conditions in the vasculature, and highlights recent studies providing evidence that HS is a potential therapy for preventing tissue damage in hypoxic conditions.