Recalcati Stefania, Gammella Elena, Cairo Gaetano
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Hypoxia (Auckl). 2015 Dec 11;3:93-103. doi: 10.2147/HP.S83537. eCollection 2015.
Oxygen and iron are two elements closely related from a (bio)chemical point of view. Moreover, they share the characteristic of being indispensable for life, while also being potentially toxic. Therefore, their level is strictly monitored, and sophisticated pathways have evolved to face variations in either element. In addition, the expression of proteins involved in iron and oxygen metabolism is mainly controlled by a complex interplay of proteins that sense both iron levels and oxygen availability (ie, prolyl hydroxylases, hypoxia inducible factors, and iron regulatory proteins), and in turn activate feedback mechanisms to re-establish homeostasis. In this review, we describe how cells and organisms utilize these intricate networks to regulate responses to changes in oxygen and iron levels. We also explore the role of these pathways in some pathophysiological settings.
从（生物）化学角度来看，氧和铁是两种密切相关的元素。此外，它们都具有对生命不可或缺但同时又可能有毒的特性。因此，它们的水平受到严格监测，并且已经进化出复杂的途径来应对这两种元素的变化。此外，参与铁和氧代谢的蛋白质的表达主要由感知铁水平和氧可用性的蛋白质（即脯氨酰羟化酶、缺氧诱导因子和铁调节蛋白）之间复杂的相互作用控制，进而激活反馈机制以重新建立体内平衡。在这篇综述中，我们描述了细胞和生物体如何利用这些复杂的网络来调节对氧和铁水平变化的反应。我们还探讨了这些途径在一些病理生理环境中的作用。
