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homelessness 患病率的原因: homelessness 与残疾之间的关系。

Causes of homelessness prevalence: Relationship between homelessness and disability.

机构信息

Health Administration Center, Gifu, Japan.

Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychopathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.

出版信息

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017 Mar;71(3):180-188. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12469. Epub 2016 Dec 18.

Abstract

AIM

Many studies have reported that the prevalence of mental illness and cognitive disability is higher among homeless individuals compared to the general population, and the rates of mental illness among the homeless population have recently increased. This study: (i) compares causes of homelessness or barriers to escaping homelessness for people with/without mental illness/cognitive disability; (ii) reveals problems with the Japanese homeless policy; and (iii) proposes an effective and necessary support system.

METHODS

The participants were 114 homeless individuals. A psychiatric diagnostic interview and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, version III were used to measure participants' mental health and cognitive abilities. A questionnaire was administered comprising 17 items related to the causes of their homelessness and barriers to escaping from it. Participants were divided into four groups - with/without mental illness or cognitive disability - and Fisher's exact test was used to compare the questionnaire results.

RESULTS

Individuals with cognitive disabilities considered bad relationships with their family members to be the cause of their homelessness. Conversely, normal individuals considered their homelessness to be the result of debt more so than did individuals with mental problems. Individuals with mental illness had more difficulties escaping homelessness than did either normal individuals or individuals with cognitive disability. This tendency was observed most strongly among individuals with both mental illness and cognitive disability.

CONCLUSION

Most homeless individuals considered economic problems to be the cause of their homelessness; however, difficulties with human relationships were also important factors and were more difficult for participants to acknowledge. Furthermore, these difficulties were exacerbated among those individuals with mental problems.

摘要

目的

许多研究报告称,与普通人群相比,无家可归者中心理疾病和认知障碍的患病率更高,无家可归者中的心理疾病发病率最近有所上升。本研究:(i)比较了有/无精神疾病/认知障碍的无家可归者的无家可归原因或逃避无家可归的障碍;(ii)揭示了日本无家可归政策存在的问题;(iii)提出了一个有效和必要的支持系统。

方法

参与者为 114 名无家可归者。使用精神病学诊断访谈和韦氏成人智力量表第三版来衡量参与者的心理健康和认知能力。采用包含 17 个与无家可归原因和逃避无家可归障碍相关问题的问卷进行评估。参与者被分为四组 - 有/无精神疾病或认知障碍 - 并使用 Fisher 精确检验比较问卷结果。

结果

有认知障碍的个体认为与家庭成员的关系不好是导致其无家可归的原因。相反,正常个体认为债务比精神问题更导致他们无家可归。与正常个体或认知障碍个体相比,精神疾病个体更难以摆脱无家可归状态。这种趋势在同时患有精神疾病和认知障碍的个体中最为明显。

结论

大多数无家可归者认为经济问题是导致其无家可归的原因;然而,人际关系问题也是重要因素,且更难被参与者所承认。此外,这些困难在有精神问题的个体中更为严重。

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