Chemoimmunotherapy of acute leukemia in children.

Comparative results of chemo- and chemoimmunotherapy with Soviet strain of BCG vaccine in children with acute leukemia are presented. The immunotherapeutical regimen includes 20 intracutaneous injections of 0.1 mg BCG vaccine given weekly during 5--6 months with subsequent 5--6 months intervals simultaneously with maintenance chemotherapy. In the control group children were only given conventional chemotherapy. The median duration of remission and survival in patients who had received BCG chemoimmunotherapy was 25.2 +/- 1.5 and 32.3 +/- 1.2 months respectively. In the group of patients with chemotherapy alone--13.2 +/- 0.9 and 21.8 +/- 1.1 months respectively (p less than 0.01). The best results were obtained in children who had received before BCG immunotherapy neuroleukemia prophylactic treatment.