Gaska James P, Wright Steven T, Winterbottom Marc D, Hadley Steven C
U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016;87(11):921-927. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4630.2016.
Although there are numerous studies that demonstrate that color vision deficient (CVD) individuals perform less well than color vision normal (CVN) individuals in tasks that require discrimination or identification of colored stimuli, there remains a need to quantify the relationship between the type and severity of CVD and performance on operationally relevant tasks.
Participants were classified as CVN (N = 45) or CVD (N = 49) using the Rabin cone contrast test, which is the standard color vision screening test used by the United States Air Force. In the color condition, test images that were representative of the size, shape, and color of symbols and lines used on fifth-generation fighter aircraft displays were used to measure operational performance. In the achromatic condition, all symbols and lines had the same chromaticity but differed in luminance. Subjects were asked to locate and discriminate between friend vs. foe symbols (red vs. green, or brighter vs. dimmer) while speed and accuracy were recorded.
Increasing color deficiency was associated with decreasing speed and accuracy for the color condition (R > 0.2), but not for the achromatic condition. Mean differences between CVN and CVD individuals showed the same pattern.
Although lower CCT scores are clearly associated with lower performance in color related tasks, the magnitude of the performance loss was relatively small and there were multiple examples of high-performing CVD individuals who had higher operational scores than low-performing CVN individuals. Gaska JP, Wright ST, Winterbottom MD, Hadley SC. Color vision and performance on color-coded cockpit displays. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(11):921-927.
尽管有大量研究表明，在需要辨别或识别彩色刺激的任务中，色觉缺陷（CVD）个体的表现不如色觉正常（CVN）个体，但仍有必要量化CVD的类型和严重程度与操作相关任务表现之间的关系。
使用美国空军采用的标准色觉筛查测试——拉宾视锥对比测试，将参与者分为色觉正常组（N = 45）或色觉缺陷组（N = 49）。在彩色条件下，使用代表第五代战斗机显示器上使用的符号和线条的大小、形状和颜色的测试图像来测量操作性能。在消色差条件下，所有符号和线条具有相同的色度，但亮度不同。要求受试者定位并区分敌我符号（红色对绿色，或较亮对较暗），同时记录速度和准确性。
色觉缺陷程度增加与彩色条件下速度和准确性下降相关（R > 0.2），但在消色差条件下并非如此。色觉正常个体和色觉缺陷个体之间的平均差异呈现相同模式。
尽管较低的色觉对比敏感度（CCT）分数显然与颜色相关任务中的较低表现相关，但表现损失的幅度相对较小，并且有多个高表现的色觉缺陷个体的例子，他们的操作分数高于低表现的色觉正常个体。加斯卡JP、赖特ST、温特博特姆MD、哈德利SC。色觉与彩色编码驾驶舱显示器上的性能。航空航天医学与人类表现。2016年；87(11):921 - 927。
