Kumar Nimmy, Biswas Subhankar, Mathew Asha Elizabeth, Varghese Subin, Mathew Jessy Elizabeth, Nandakumar K, Aranjani Jesil Mathew, Lobo Richard
Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Oct 26;16(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1395-3.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer accounts for more than one million deaths worldwide. Current treatment modality for HCC is marginally effective. Plants belonging to Mistletoe family (Loranthaceae) have been used in chemotherapy for many years. The present study was aimed at exploring the anti-proliferative, pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic potential of stem of Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser (EP), a parasitic shrub belonging to Loranthaceae.
Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser, a climbing parasitic shrub was investigated for its cytotoxic activity against HepG2, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Further, pro-oxidant activity of EP extract/fractions was studied using copper phenanthroline assay. To understand the mechanism of cell death, the pro-apoptotic effects of Hep-G2 cells treated with EP extract/fractions were visualized by dual staining using acridine orange and ethidium bromide, a morphological marker of apoptosis. Phytochemical profiling of EP was explored by estimating the phenol, flavonoid and tannin content in its various fractions and extract. The occurrence of gallic acid, a principal polyphenol in EP extract and fractions was detected and further quantified using HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprinting.
Active fraction of Elytranthe parasitica, EP.DEE exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with an IC50 of 56.7 ± 7.8 μg/mL. Dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide revealed that HepG2 cells treated with EP active fractions underwent cell death chiefly by apoptosis. Highest phenol, flavonoid and tannin content were observed in active fractions, EP.EA (Ethyl acetate fraction) and EP.DEE (Diethyl ether fraction). Gallic acid was identified and quantified in EP extract and active fractions, EP.DEE and EP.EA.
Our findings indicate EP active fraction could be a promising contender in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的肝癌类型，在全球范围内导致超过100万人死亡。目前肝癌的治疗方式效果有限。桑寄生科植物多年来一直用于化疗。本研究旨在探索寄生灌木棱枝槲寄生（Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser，EP）茎的抗增殖、促氧化和促凋亡潜力。
采用磺酰罗丹明B（SRB）法研究了攀援寄生灌木棱枝槲寄生对肝癌细胞系HepG2的细胞毒性活性。此外，使用铜菲咯啉法研究了EP提取物/馏分的促氧化活性。为了解细胞死亡机制，通过吖啶橙和溴化乙锭双重染色观察了经EP提取物/馏分处理的Hep-G2细胞的促凋亡作用，这是凋亡的形态学标志物。通过估计其不同馏分和提取物中的酚类、黄酮类和单宁含量，对EP进行了植物化学分析。检测了EP提取物和馏分中主要多酚没食子酸的存在，并使用高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）指纹图谱进一步定量。
棱枝槲寄生的活性馏分EP.DEE对HepG2肝癌细胞系表现出剂量依赖性的强细胞毒性活性，IC50为56.7±7.8μg/mL。吖啶橙和溴化乙锭双重染色显示，经EP活性馏分处理的HepG2细胞主要通过凋亡发生细胞死亡。在活性馏分EP.EA（乙酸乙酯馏分）和EP.DEE（二乙醚馏分）中观察到最高的酚类、黄酮类和单宁含量。在EP提取物以及活性馏分EP.DEE和EP.EA中鉴定并定量了没食子酸。
我们的研究结果表明，EP活性馏分可能是治疗肝细胞癌的有前途的候选药物。
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