Hameed Yasir Talib, Idris Azni, Hussain Siti Aslina, Abdullah Norhafizah
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, AL Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2016 Dec 15;184(Pt 3):494-503. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.033. Epub 2016 Oct 24.
Chemical composition and flocculation efficiency were investigated for a commercially produced tannin - based coagulant and flocculant (Tanfloc). The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed what claimed about the chemical composition of Tanfloc. For moderate polluted municipal wastewater investigated in both jar test and pilot plant, Tanfloc showed high turbidity removal efficiency of approximately 90%, while removal efficiencies of BOD and COD were around 60%. According to floc size distribution, Tanfloc was able to show distinct performance compared to Polyaluminum chloride (PAC). While 90% of flocs produced by Tanfloc were smaller than 144 micron, they were smaller than 96 micron for PAC. Practically, zeta potential measurement showed the cationic nature of Tanfloc and suggested coincidence of charge neutralization and another flocculation mechanism (bridging or patch flocculation). Sludge Volumetric Index (SVI) measurements were in agreement with the numbers found in the literature, and they were less than 160 mL/g. Calcium cation as flocculation aid showed significant improvement of flocculation efficiency compared to other cations. Finally Tanfloc showed competing performance compared to PAC in terms of turbidity, BOD and COD removal, floc size and sludge characteristics.
对一种商业生产的基于单宁的混凝剂和絮凝剂（Tanfloc）的化学成分和絮凝效率进行了研究。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和能量色散光谱（EDX）的结果证实了关于Tanfloc化学成分的说法。对于在烧杯试验和中试装置中研究的中度污染城市污水，Tanfloc表现出约90%的高浊度去除效率，而BOD和COD的去除效率约为60%。根据絮体尺寸分布，与聚合氯化铝（PAC）相比，Tanfloc能够表现出不同的性能。Tanfloc产生的90%的絮体小于144微米，而PAC产生的絮体小于96微米。实际上，ζ电位测量显示了Tanfloc的阳离子性质，并表明电荷中和与另一种絮凝机制（架桥或补丁絮凝）同时存在。污泥体积指数（SVI）测量结果与文献中的数据一致，且小于160 mL/g。与其他阳离子相比，钙阳离子作为絮凝助剂显示出絮凝效率的显著提高。最后，在浊度、BOD和COD去除、絮体尺寸和污泥特性方面，Tanfloc与PAC相比表现出竞争性能。
