Wu Hao, Kassab Ghassan S, Tan Wenchang, Huo Yunlong
Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Jan 1;122(1):60-67. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00295.2016. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
The structure and function of coronary venous vessels are different from those of coronary arteries and are much less understood despite the therapeutic significance of coronary sinus interventions. Here we aimed to perform a hemodynamic analysis in the entire coronary sinusal venous tree, which enhances the understanding of coronary venous circulation. A hemodynamic model was developed in the entire coronary sinusal venous tree reconstructed from casts and histological data of five swine hearts. Various morphometric and hemodynamic parameters were determined in each vessel and analyzed in the diameter-defined Strahler system. The findings demonstrate an area preservation between the branches of the coronary venous system that leads to relatively uniform flow velocity in different orders of the venous tree. Pressure and circumferential and wall shear stresses decreased abruptly from the smallest venules toward vessels of order -5 (80.4 ± 39.1 µm) but showed a more modest change toward the coronary sinus. The results suggest that vessels of order -5 denote a hemodynamic transition from the venular bed to the transmural subnetwork. In contrast with the coronary arterial tree, which obeys the minimum energy hypothesis, the coronary sinusal venous system complies with the area-preserving rule for efficient venous return, i.e., da Vinci's rule. The morphometric and hemodynamic model serves as a physiological reference state to test various therapeutic rationales through the venous route.
NEW & NOTEWORTHY: A hemodynamic model is developed in the entire coronary sinusal venous tree of the swine heart. A key finding is that the coronary sinusal venous system complies with the area preservation rule for efficient venous return while the coronary arterial tree obeys the minimum energy hypothesis. This model can also serve as a physiological reference state to test various therapeutic rationales through the venous route.
冠状静脉血管的结构和功能与冠状动脉不同，尽管冠状窦干预具有治疗意义，但人们对其了解却少得多。在此，我们旨在对整个冠状窦静脉树进行血流动力学分析，以增进对冠状静脉循环的理解。我们利用五头猪心脏的铸型和组织学数据重建了整个冠状窦静脉树，并建立了血流动力学模型。测定了每个血管的各种形态学和血流动力学参数，并在直径定义的斯特拉勒系统中进行分析。研究结果表明，冠状静脉系统各分支之间存在面积守恒，这导致静脉树不同级别的流速相对均匀。压力、周向和壁面剪应力从小静脉向-5级血管（80.4±39.1µm）急剧下降，但向冠状窦的变化则较为平缓。结果表明，-5级血管代表从小静脉床到透壁子网的血流动力学转变。与遵循最小能量假说的冠状动脉树不同，冠状窦静脉系统符合有效静脉回流的面积守恒规则，即达·芬奇规则。该形态学和血流动力学模型可作为一种生理参考状态，通过静脉途径测试各种治疗原理。
在猪心脏的整个冠状窦静脉树中建立了血流动力学模型。一个关键发现是，冠状窦静脉系统符合有效静脉回流的面积守恒规则，而冠状动脉树遵循最小能量假说。该模型还可作为一种生理参考状态，通过静脉途径测试各种治疗原理。
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