入职前体能测试作为护理人员肌肉骨骼损伤的预测指标：文献综述

Jenkins Natasha, Smith Gavin, Stewart Scott, Kamphuis Catherine

Work. 2016 Nov 22;55(3):565-575. doi: 10.3233/WOR-162422.

BACKGROUND

Workplace injuries place a significant physical, social and financial burden on organisations globally. Paramedics provide emergency management of workplace injuries, and are subjected to heightened injury risk as a direct consequence of providing such care.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to identify the current evidence reporting workplace musculoskeletal injury generally, and to relate this to pre-employment physical capacity testing within the paramedic industry specifically.

METHOD

A search of the electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, NIOSHTIC-2, RILOSH, CISDOC and HSELINE) was completed using the keywords musculoskeletal, workplace, injury, industrial, accident, pre-employment physical capacity testing, paramedic, emergency service employee, firefighter, and police. Articles were excluded if they did not describe pre-employment physical capacity testing, musculoskeletal injuries, or were not available in English.

RESULTS

The electronic literature search identified 765 articles, following application of exclusion criteria: based on title/abstract of article (669); no relevance (62) or unavailable in English (4), 30 articles were included in this review.The review identified that physical fitness, gender, age, equipment and demographic variables were key factors in the current high rate of paramedic workplace injury. However, there is little evidence available to quantify the relationship between pre-employment physical capacity testing and subsequent injury amongst the paramedic cohort.

CONCLUSION

Despite evidence suggesting that pre-employment physical capacity testing scores may be predictive of subsequent musculoskeletal injury in paramedics, there are currently no studies in this area. Quantifying the potential association between factors affecting the conduct of paramedic work and the type of injuries that result requires examination through future research.

背景

工伤给全球各组织带来了巨大的身体、社会和经济负担。护理人员负责对工伤进行应急处理，而由于提供此类护理，他们面临更高的受伤风险。

目的

本综述旨在识别当前关于一般工作场所肌肉骨骼损伤的证据，并特别将其与护理行业的入职前身体能力测试联系起来。

方法

使用关键词“肌肉骨骼”“工作场所”“损伤”“工业”“事故”“入职前身体能力测试”“护理人员”“紧急服务人员”“消防员”和“警察”，对电子数据库（Ovid Medline、Cochrane系统评价数据库、NIOSHTIC - 2、RILOSH、CISDOC和HSELINE）进行检索。如果文章未描述入职前身体能力测试、肌肉骨骼损伤或非英文版本，则将其排除。

结果

电子文献检索共识别出765篇文章，应用排除标准后：基于文章标题/摘要（669篇）；无关（62篇）或非英文版本（4篇），本综述纳入了30篇文章。该综述发现，身体健康状况、性别、年龄、设备和人口统计学变量是当前护理人员工作场所受伤率较高的关键因素。然而，几乎没有证据可用于量化入职前身体能力测试与护理人员群体后续受伤之间的关系。