Labbe David, Rytz Andréas, Brunstrom Jeffrey M, Forde Ciarán G, Martin Nathalie
Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Appetite. 2017 Apr 1;111:203-207. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 9.
The rise of obesity prevalence has been attributed in part to an increase in food and beverage portion sizes selected and consumed among overweight and obese consumers. Nevertheless, evidence from observations of adults is mixed and contradictory findings might reflect the use of small or unrepresentative samples. The objective of this study was i) to determine the extent to which BMI and dietary restraint predict self-selected portion sizes for a range of commercially available prepared savoury meals and ii) to consider the importance of these variables relative to two previously established predictors of portion selection, expected satiation and expected liking. A representative sample of female consumers (N = 300, range 18-55 years) evaluated 15 frozen savoury prepared meals. For each meal, participants rated their expected satiation and expected liking, and selected their ideal portion using a previously validated computer-based task. Dietary restraint was quantified using the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-R). Hierarchical multiple regression was performed on self-selected portions with age, hunger level, and meal familiarity entered as control variables in the first step of the model, expected satiation and expected liking as predictor variables in the second step, and DEBQ-R and BMI as exploratory predictor variables in the third step. The second and third steps significantly explained variance in portion size selection (18% and 4%, respectively). Larger portion selections were significantly associated with lower dietary restraint and with lower expected satiation. There was a positive relationship between BMI and portion size selection (p = 0.06) and between expected liking and portion size selection (p = 0.06). Our discussion considers future research directions, the limited variance explained by our model, and the potential for portion size underreporting by overweight participants.
肥胖患病率的上升部分归因于超重和肥胖消费者选择和食用的食品和饮料份量增加。然而，来自成年人观察的证据并不一致，相互矛盾的结果可能反映了样本量小或缺乏代表性。本研究的目的是：i）确定体重指数（BMI）和饮食节制在多大程度上能预测一系列市售即食咸味餐食的自我选择份量；ii）考虑这些变量相对于两个先前确定的份量选择预测因素（预期饱腹感和预期喜好）的重要性。一个具有代表性的女性消费者样本（N = 300，年龄范围18 - 55岁）对15种冷冻即食咸味餐食进行了评估。对于每餐，参与者对他们的预期饱腹感和预期喜好进行评分，并使用先前验证过的基于计算机的任务选择他们理想的份量。使用荷兰饮食行为问卷（DEBQ - R）对饮食节制进行量化。对自我选择的份量进行分层多元回归分析，在模型的第一步将年龄、饥饿水平和餐食熟悉程度作为控制变量纳入，在第二步将预期饱腹感和预期喜好作为预测变量纳入，在第三步将DEBQ - R和BMI作为探索性预测变量纳入。第二步和第三步分别显著解释了份量大小选择中的方差（分别为18%和4%）。选择较大份量与较低的饮食节制和较低的预期饱腹感显著相关。BMI与份量大小选择之间存在正相关关系（p = 0.06），预期喜好与份量大小选择之间也存在正相关关系（p = 0.06）。我们的讨论考虑了未来的研究方向、我们模型所解释的有限方差以及超重参与者可能少报份量大小的情况。
